MtING2 encodes an ING domain PHD finger protein which affects Medicago growth, flowering, global patterns of H3K4me3, and gene expression.
MtING2 encodes an ING domain PHD finger protein which affects Medicago growth, flowering, global patterns of H3K4me3, and gene expression.
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DOI：
10.1111/tpj.15994
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发表时间：
2022-11
期刊：
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Putterill, Joanna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jaudal, Mauren;Mayo-Smith, Matthew;Poulet, Axel;Whibley, Annabel;Peng, Yongyan;Zhang, Lulu;Thomson, Geoffrey;Trimborn, Laura;Jacob, Yannick;van Wolfswinkel, Josien C.;Goldstone, David C.;Wen, Jiangqi;Mysore, Kirankumar S.;Putterill, Joanna
与冬性一年生植物拟南芥类似，豆科模式植物蒺藜苜蓿在经历冬季低温（春化作用）后，再处于长日照光周期（VLD）条件下，其开花会得到促进。然而，蒺藜苜蓿缺乏拟南芥VLD开花的关键调控因子FLC和CO。大多数植物有两个生长抑制因子（ING）基因（ING1和ING2），编码的蛋白质含有一个ING结构域，该结构域由两条反向平行的α螺旋和一个植物同源结构域（PHD）锌指组成，但此前尚未有关于其遗传作用的描述。在蒺藜苜蓿中，经过基因编辑的Mting1突变体发育和开花正常，但Mting2 - 1 Tnt1插入突变体以及经过基因编辑的Mting2突变体存在发育异常，包括在VLD条件下开花延迟、植株结构紧凑、叶片异常（具有额外的小叶但无毛状体）、种子和豆荚变小。Mting2突变体中开花激活因子的表达降低，包括类FT基因MtFTa1，而候选抑制因子MtTFL1c的表达增加，这与突变体开花延迟的现象一致。过表达MtING2可互补Mting2 - 1突变体的表型，但不会使野生型植株开花提前。MtING2的PHD锌指在体外与H3K4me2/3肽结合较弱，但对基因编辑突变体的分析表明，在野生型植株中，该结构域对MtING2的功能并非必需。RNA测序实验表明，与野生型相比，Mting2 - 1突变体中有超过7000个基因表达异常，这与该突变体明显的表型相符。有趣的是，染色质免疫沉淀测序（ChIP - seq）分析发现，与野生型R108相比，Mting2 - 1突变体基因组中鉴定出超过5000个新的H3K4me3位点。总体而言，我们对突变体的研究揭示了植物ING2基因在发育、开花和基因表达方面的重要生理作用，这可能涉及一种表观遗传机制。
开花时间对植物适应环境和作物产量至关重要，但目前关于豆科植物开花时间调控机制的了解有限。在此，我们报道了MtING2的功能特性，并表明它在调控模式豆科植物蒺藜苜蓿的植株形态和开花时间方面具有重要作用，为类ING基因在植物中的生理作用提供了证据。
Flowering of the reference legume Medicago truncatula is promoted by winter cold (vernalization) followed by long‐day photoperiods (VLD) similar to winter annual Arabidopsis. However, Medicago lacks FLC and CO, key regulators of Arabidopsis VLD flowering. Most plants have two INHIBITOR OF GROWTH (ING) genes (ING1 and ING2), encoding proteins with an ING domain with two anti‐parallel alpha‐helices and a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, but their genetic role has not been previously described. In Medicago, Mting1 gene‐edited mutants developed and flowered normally, but an Mting2‐1 Tnt1 insertion mutant and gene‐edited Mting2 mutants had developmental abnormalities including delayed flowering particularly in VLD, compact architecture, abnormal leaves with extra leaflets but no trichomes, and smaller seeds and barrels. Mting2 mutants had reduced expression of activators of flowering, including the FT‐like gene MtFTa1, and increased expression of the candidate repressor MtTFL1c, consistent with the delayed flowering of the mutant. MtING2 overexpression complemented Mting2‐1, but did not accelerate flowering in wild type. The MtING2 PHD finger bound H3K4me2/3 peptides weakly in vitro, but analysis of gene‐edited mutants indicated that it was dispensable to MtING2 function in wild‐type plants. RNA sequencing experiments indicated that >7000 genes are mis‐expressed in the Mting2‐1 mutant, consistent with its strong mutant phenotypes. Interestingly, ChIP‐seq analysis identified >5000 novel H3K4me3 locations in the genome of Mting2‐1 mutants compared to wild type R108. Overall, our mutant study has uncovered an important physiological role of a plant ING2 gene in development, flowering, and gene expression, which likely involves an epigenetic mechanism. The timing of flowering is important for plant adaptation and crop productivity, but knowledge on how this is regulated in legumes is limited. Here, we report the functional characterization of MtING2 and show that it is important in regulating plant architecture and flowering time in the model legume Medicago truncatula, providing evidence of the physiological role of an ING‐like gene in plants.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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