Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Prevention: Possible Role of Immune Mediators.
Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Prevention: Possible Role of Immune Mediators.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnut.2020.557997
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Rogers CJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xu Y;Rogers CJ
有强有力的证据表明体力活动 (PA) 可以降低乳腺癌的风险、复发和死亡率。新的数据表明，PA 会引起炎症和免疫介质的变化，这可能有助于对乳腺癌的预后产生有益的影响。因此，本次综述的目的是评估将 PA 的保护作用与乳腺癌免疫反应调节联系起来的证据。我们进行了文献检索，以确定评估 PA 对乳腺癌患者和乳腺肿瘤模型中的肿瘤和免疫结果的影响的研究。十九项研究使用临床前乳腺癌模型研究了 PA 干预对癌症免疫结果的影响。 11 项研究中肿瘤生长减少，3 项研究中肿瘤生长没有变化，1 项研究中肿瘤生长增加。两项研究减少了自发转移，四项研究提高了生存率。经常评估的免疫结果包括脾细胞数量和功能、循环炎症细胞因子以及瘤内免疫细胞和炎症标记物。临床前模型中循环炎症细胞因子反应是异质的。在肿瘤微环境（TME）中，几项研究记录了免疫细胞浸润的变化，效应细胞增加，免疫抑制细胞减少。二十三项研究调查了 PA 干预对乳腺癌患者免疫结果的影响。 13 项研究采用了有氧 PA 干预措施，10 项研究采用了有氧运动和抗阻运动干预措施的结合。骑自行车和跑步机活动是最常用的 PA 方式。循环免疫细胞和炎症细胞因子是临床研究中最常评估的免疫结果。在评估治疗后阶段 PA 干预的 19 项研究中，有 10 项报告称至少一种炎症细胞因子的水平降低。在评估化疗期间 PA 干预的三项研究中，没有对炎症细胞因子进行量化。只有一项在手术前进行 PA 干预的研究评估了肿瘤内的免疫结果。临床前和临床研究的结果表明，PA 对炎症细胞因子具有异质性影响，但可能会改变肿瘤中的基因表达谱和免疫浸润，从而导致免疫抑制因子减少。然而，还需要更多的研究来更好地了解 PA 对 TME 免疫结果的影响。
There is strong evidence that physical activity (PA) reduces risk, recurrence, and mortality from breast cancer. Emerging data suggest that PA induces changes in inflammatory and immune mediators that may contribute to beneficial effects on breast cancer outcomes. Thus, the goal of this review was to evaluate the evidence linking the protective benefit of PA to modulation of immune responses in breast cancer. A literature search was conducted to identify studies that evaluated the impact of PA on tumor and immune outcomes in breast cancer patients and in mammary tumor models. Nineteen studies investigated the effect of PA interventions on cancer immune outcomes using preclinical breast cancer models. Tumor growth was reduced in 11 studies, unchanged in three studies, and increased in one study. Spontaneous metastasis was reduced in two studies and survival was improved in four studies. Frequently assessed immune outcomes include splenic cell number and function, circulating inflammatory cytokines, and intratumoral immune cells and inflammatory markers. Circulating inflammatory cytokine responses were heterogeneous in preclinical models. Within the tumor microenvironment (TME), several studies documented a change in the infiltration of immune cells with an increase in effector cells and a reduction in immune suppressive cells. Twenty-three studies investigated the effect of PA interventions on immune outcomes in breast cancer patients. Thirteen studies used aerobic PA interventions and 10 studies used a combination of aerobic and resistance exercise interventions. Cycling and treadmill activities were the most commonly used PA modalities. Circulating immune cells and inflammatory cytokines were the most frequently assessed immune outcomes in the clinical studies. Among the 19 studies that evaluated a PA intervention during the post treatment period, 10 reported a reduction in the levels of at least one inflammatory cytokine. No inflammatory cytokines were quantified in the three studies that evaluated a PA intervention during treatment with chemotherapy. Immune outcomes within the tumor were assessed in only one study performing a PA intervention prior to surgery. Results from preclinical and clinical studies suggest that PA exerts heterogeneous effects on inflammatory cytokines, but may alter the gene expression profile and immune infiltrates in the tumor which may result in a reduction in immunosuppressive factors. However, additional studies are needed to better understand the effect of PA on immune outcomes in the TME.
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影响因子：
11.2
作者：
Barkan D;Kleinman H;Simmons JL;Asmussen H;Kamaraju AK;Hoenorhoff MJ;Liu ZY;Costes SV;Cho EH;Lockett S;Khanna C;Chambers AF;Green JE
通讯作者：
Green JE
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Cormie, Prue;Zopf, Eva M.;Schmitz, Kathryn H.
通讯作者：
Schmitz, Kathryn H.
影响因子：
28.4
作者：
Adams S;Gatti-Mays ME;Kalinsky K;Korde LA;Sharon E;Amiri-Kordestani L;Bear H;McArthur HL;Frank E;Perlmutter J;Page DB;Vincent B;Hayes JF;Gulley JL;Litton JK;Hortobagyi GN;Chia S;Krop I;White J;Sparano J;Disis ML;Mittendorf EA
通讯作者：
Mittendorf EA
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Dieli-Conwright CM;Parmentier JH;Sami N;Lee K;Spicer D;Mack WJ;Sattler F;Mittelman SD
通讯作者：
Mittelman SD
影响因子：
28.4
作者：
Emens, Leisha A.;Cruz, Cristina;Schmid, Peter
通讯作者：
Schmid, Peter