'95% less harmful'? Exploring reactions to quantitative modified risk claims for snus and e-cigarettes.
'95% less harmful'? Exploring reactions to quantitative modified risk claims for snus and e-cigarettes.
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DOI：
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-056303
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发表时间：
2022-11
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Greene K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wackowski OA;O'Connor RJ;Diaz D;Rashid M;Lewis MJ;Greene K
研究对电子烟和无烟烟草的“降低风险烟草产品”（MRTP）信息的看法进行了调查，结果表明消费者希望获得减少危害的统计数据和量化数据。然而，对定量 MRTP 消息的反应的研究有限。 2019 年，我们在美国开展了 12 个焦点小组活动，其中 6 个重点关注电子烟信息，6 个重点关注鼻烟信息。八组为当前吸烟者（21-66 岁），四组为年轻成人（18-25 岁）非吸烟者（n=57）。参与者讨论了一些信息，这些信息表明，科学家估计使用鼻烟和电子烟产品的危害分别比吸烟低约 90% 和 95%。一些参与者一致认为，这些信息强烈传达了这些产品比香烟危害更小、引起关注并且可能“令人信服”。然而，与会者对上述数据的来源和准确性表示怀疑，一些人指出这些说法可能具有误导性，对年轻人有吸引力。评论还反映了一些说法误解（例如，电子烟仅造成 5% 的伤害）。参与者还一致认为，电子烟风险“不太可能超过吸烟危害的 5%”这一说法令人困惑，而且不如“危害降低 95%”的措辞影响力更大。在将电子烟或无烟烟草/鼻烟与香烟进行比较时，表明风险高度降低的定量声明可能会成功地引起某些受众的关注并具有说服力，特别是如果来自更可靠的来源。然而，消息开发者、用户和评估者应该注意消息的局限性，并致力于减轻意外后果。
Studies examining perceptions of “modified risk tobacco product” (MRTP) messages for e-cigarettes and smokeless tobacco have indicated consumers want statistics and quantification of harm reduction. However, limited research exists on reactions to quantitative MRTP messages. We conducted 12 focus groups in the United States in 2019 – six focused on e-cigarette messages and six on snus messages. Eight groups were with current smokers (ages 21-66) and four with young adult (ages 18-25) non-smokers (n=57). Participants discussed messages stating that use of snus and vaping products have been estimated by scientists to be about 90% and 95% less harmful than smoking cigarettes (respectively). Several participants agreed the messages strongly communicated that the products are less harmful than cigarettes, were attention getting and could be “convincing”. However, participants expressed skepticism about the source and accuracy of the stated figures, and some noted the claims could be misleading and attractive to young people. Comments also reflected some claim misunderstandings (e.g., that e-cigarettes only pose a 5% chance of harm). Participants also agreed that stating e-cigarette risks “are unlikely to exceed 5% of cigarette smoking harms” was confusing and less impactful than the “95% less harmful” wording. Quantitative claims suggesting high levels of reduced risk when comparing e-cigarettes or smokeless tobacco/snus relative to cigarettes may be successful in gaining attention and being persuasive for some audiences, particularly if from more credible sources. However, message developers, users and evaluators should be mindful of message limitations and aim to mitigate unintended consequences.
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影响因子：
12.7
作者：
Cheng, Yu-Ching;Rostron, Brian L.;Borek, Nicolette
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
4.7
作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
5.1
作者：
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通讯作者：
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