Stripes and belly-spots -- a review of pigment cell morphogenesis in vertebrates.
Stripes and belly-spots -- a review of pigment cell morphogenesis in vertebrates.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.semcdb.2008.10.001
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发表时间：
2009-02
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Erickson CA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kelsh RN;Harris ML;Colanesi S;Erickson CA
珠被中的色素图案长期以来一直吸引着科学家和非科学家的关注，因为它们的自然吸引力与它们作为图案形成的一般问题的模型的卓越性相结合。色素细胞由神经嵴形成，必须迁移到最终位置。在这篇综述中，我们专注于我们目前的理解的机制控制的色素细胞迁移和图案在不同的脊椎动物。这里讨论的模型系统-鸡，小鼠和斑马鱼-每个提供独特的见解，主要形态发生事件驱动色素模式的形成。在鸟类和哺乳动物中，成黑素细胞必须在它们能够在背外侧通路上迁移之前被指定。参与引导它们进入该途径的跨膜受体包括鸡中的EphB 2和Ednrb 2，以及小鼠中的Kit。终末迁移部分取决于ADAMTS 20对细胞外基质的重组。外胚层的入侵，特别是进入羽毛胚芽和毛囊，需要特定的信号，开始被定性。我们总结了我们目前的理解机制调节黑素细胞的数量和组织在表皮。我们注意到，与鸟类和哺乳动物相比，变温脊椎动物的色素模式形成的明显差异。随着更多的色素细胞类型，迁移途径更复杂，在很大程度上未被探索;然而，在黑素细胞迁移的Kit信号传导的作用是明确的，并表明至少有一些图案化机制可能是高度保守的。我们总结了被认为有助于斑马鱼胚胎色素模式形成的多种因素，强调了最近的一项研究，确定Sdf 1a作为调节黑色素细胞定位的关键因素之一。最后，我们讨论了机制产生的第二个，变性色素模式在成鱼，强调最近的研究加强证据表明，未分化的祖细胞在产生成人色素细胞中发挥了重要作用。
Pigment patterns in the integument have long-attracted attention from both scientists and non-scientists alike since their natural attractiveness combines with their excellence as models for the general problem of pattern formation. Pigment cells are formed from the neural crest and must migrate to reach their final locations. In this review, we focus on our current understanding of mechanisms underlying the control of pigment cell migration and patterning in diverse vertebrates. The model systems discussed here –chick, mouse, and zebrafish – each provide unique insights into the major morphogenetic events driving pigment pattern formation. In birds and mammals, melanoblasts must be specified before they can migrate on the dorsolateral pathway. Transmembrane receptors involved in guiding them onto this route include EphB2 and Ednrb2 in chick, and Kit in mouse. Terminal migration depends, in part, upon extracellular matrix reorganization by ADAMTS20. Invasion of the ectoderm, especially into the feather germ and hair follicles, requires specific signals that are beginning to be characterized. We summarize our current understanding of the mechanisms regulating melanoblast number and organization in the epidermis. We note the apparent differences in pigment pattern formation in poikilothermic vertebrates when compared with birds and mammals. With more pigment cell types, migration pathways are more complex and largely unexplored; nevertheless, a role for Kit signaling in melanophore migration is clear and indicates that at least some patterning mechanisms may be highly conserved. We summarize the multiple factors thought to contribute to zebrafish embryonic pigment pattern formation, highlighting a recent study identifying Sdf1a as one factor crucial for regulation of melanophore positioning. Finally, we discuss the mechanisms generating a second, metamorphic pigment pattern in adult fish, emphasizing recent studies strengthening the evidence that undifferentiated progenitor cells play a major role in generating adult pigment cells.
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影响因子：
2.7
作者：
ERICKSON, CA;TOSNEY, KW;WESTON, JA
通讯作者：
WESTON, JA
影响因子：
--
作者：
Dambly-Chaudière C;Cubedo N;Ghysen A
通讯作者：
Ghysen A
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
CABLE, J;BARKWAY, C;STEEL, KP
通讯作者：
STEEL, KP
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Debby-Brafman, A;Burstyn-Cohen, T;Kalcheim, C
通讯作者：
Kalcheim, C
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Elworthy, S;Lister, JA;Kelsh, RN
通讯作者：
Kelsh, RN