Incremental lifetime cancer risks computed for benzo[a]pyrene and two tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines in mainstream cigarette smoke compared with lung cancer risks derived from epidemiologic data.
Incremental lifetime cancer risks computed for benzo[a]pyrene and two tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines in mainstream cigarette smoke compared with lung cancer risks derived from epidemiologic data.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.yrtph.2009.06.007
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发表时间：
2009-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pankow JF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Watanabe KH;Djordjevic MV;Stellman SD;Toccalino PL;Austin DF;Pankow JF
人类吸烟的方式是吸烟风险的重要决定因素。在少数根据特定化学物质预测吸烟癌症风险的研究人员中，大多数使用的是通过仅近似人类吸烟条件的机器吸烟协议获得的主流香烟烟雾（MCS）致癌物排放量。这里我们使用 Djordjevic 等人的数据。 (J Natl Cancer Inst 2000; 92:106–111) 在人类吸烟条件下测量三种致癌物的 MCS 排放，使用蒙特卡罗模拟计算增量终生癌症风险 (ILCR) 值的概率分布。考虑的三种致癌物是苯并[a]芘、N'-亚硝基降烟碱 (NNN) 和 4-(甲基亚硝基氨基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮 (NNK)。将计算出的 NNK ILCR 值与美国癌症协会癌症预防研究 (CPS) I 和 II 得出的肺癌终生风险进行比较。在蒙特卡罗模拟结果中，NNK 是所有癌症终点的最大 ILCR 值的原因：NNK 的中位 ILCR 值分别比 NNN 和苯并[a]芘的中位值高约 18 倍和 120 倍。对于“常规”卷烟，男性肺癌的 NNK 中位 ILCR 比 CPS-I 和 II 低 90 倍以上，女性低 4 倍以上。鉴于对 MCS 中化学致癌物的了解，本研究表明，接触 MCS 导致肺癌的发病率高于使用现有毒性和排放数据通过当前风险评估方法预测的发病率。
The manner in which humans smoke cigarettes is an important determinant of smoking risks. Of the few investigators that have predicted cancer risks from smoking on a chemical-specific basis, most used mainstream cigarette smoke (MCS) carcinogen emissions obtained via machine smoking protocols that only approximate human smoking conditions. Here we use data of Djordjevic et al. (J Natl Cancer Inst 2000; 92:106–111) for MCS emissions of three carcinogens measured under human smoking conditions to compute probability distributions of incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values using Monte Carlo simulations. The three carcinogens considered are benzo[a]pyrene, N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). Computed NNK ILCR values were compared with lifetime risks of lung cancer derived from American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Studies (CPS) I and II. Within the Monte Carlo simulation results, NNK was responsible for the greatest ILCR values for all cancer endpoints: median ILCR values for NNK were ~18-fold and 120-fold higher than medians for NNN and benzo[a]pyrene, respectively. For "regular" cigarettes, the NNK median ILCR for lung cancer was lower than from CPS-I and II by >90-fold for men and >4-fold for women. Given what is known about chemical carcinogens in MCS, this study shows that there is a higher incidence of lung cancer from exposure to MCS than can be predicted with current risk assessment methods using available toxicity and emission data.
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影响因子：
11.2
作者：
Engels, Eric A.;Wu, Xifeng;Spitz, Margaret R.
通讯作者：
Spitz, Margaret R.
影响因子：
105.7
作者：
DOLL, R;HILL, AB
通讯作者：
HILL, AB
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
BOIS, FY;WOODRUFF, TJ;SPEAR, RC
通讯作者：
SPEAR, RC
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
ELLWEIN, LB;COHEN, SM
通讯作者：
COHEN, SM
影响因子：
10.3
作者：
Djordjevic, MV;Stellman, SD;Zang, E
通讯作者：
Zang, E