Methodology to separate urban from regional heat advection by use of the Weather Research and Forecasting mesoscale model

Methodology to separate urban from regional heat advection by use of the Weather Research and Forecasting mesoscale model
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利用天气研究和预报中尺度模型将城市与区域热平流分开的方法

DOI:
10.1002/qj.3062
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
8.9
通讯作者:
Bassett R
Bassett R
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bassett R

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最近的研究已经确定了城市热平流(UHA)的重要性,即最初通过城市改造地球表面产生的热量被输送到城市地区的顺风。目前将UHA与局部热信号分离的技术不排除区域热平流(RHA)的额外潜在影响。例如,除了纬度和经度的变化之外,大规模的海岸效应也可能导致顺风温度梯度的存在。在这项研究中,数值天气研究和预报(WRF)模式,再加上建筑物效应参数化(BEP)的城市计划是用来模拟英国伯明翰的气象场,在一个高水平分辨率(1平方公里)。该模型运行了六个案例研究,提供了超过1600小时的模拟(称为“城市案例”),并使用来自伯明翰32个气象站的独特高分辨率数据集进行评估。通过进行第二组模拟(称为“农村案例”),将UHA组件从RHA中分解出来,其中所有城市土地使用都被植被取代。然后从等效的“城市案例”时间平均场中减去模拟的方向性“农村案例”时间平均温度场(显示RHA)。这有效地将UHA与RHA分开,并表明先前在中尺度建模中归因于UHA的显着部分热量被发现是由于RHA。使用新的方法,高达1.9 °C的UHA信号主要局限于市区内和几公里的下风处。这些UHA效应突出了在确定当地气候时使用风向分割的重要性。
Recent studies have identified the significance of urban heat advection (UHA) as the process whereby heat, originally generated through urban modifications to the Earth's surface, is transported downwind of urban areas. Current techniques to separate UHA from local heat signals do not exclude the additional potential impacts of regional heat advection (RHA). For example, large‐scale coastal effects, in addition to latitude and longitude variations, could cause downwind temperature gradients to exist. In this study, the numerical Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the Building Effect Parameterization (BEP) urban scheme is used to simulate meteorological fields for Birmingham, UK, at a high horizontal resolution (1 km2). The model is run over six case‐studies to provide over 1600 h of simulations (called ‘urban‐case’), and evaluated using a unique high‐resolution dataset from 32 weather stations across Birmingham. The UHA component is decomposed from RHA by conducting a second set of simulations (called ‘rural‐case’), where all urban land‐use is replaced with vegetation. Simulated directional ‘rural‐case’ time‐mean temperature fields, that show RHA, are then subtracted from the equivalent ‘urban‐case’ time‐mean fields. This effectively separates UHA from RHA and shows that a significant portion of heat, previously attributed to UHA in mesoscale modelling, is found to be due to RHA. Using the new methodology, a UHA signal up to 1.9 °C is found largely confined to within, and several kilometres downwind of, the urban areas. These UHA effects highlight the importance of using wind direction segmentation when determining local climate.
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发表时间: 2011-12-01
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影响因子: 4.8
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