Explaining Myanmar's regime transition: the periphery is central

Explaining Myanmar's regime transition: the periphery is central
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解读缅甸政权更迭:边缘即中心

DOI:
10.1080/13510347.2013.863878
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
影响因子:
3.2
通讯作者:
Jones L
Jones L
中科院分区:
法学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jones L

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2010年,缅甸举行了22年直接军事统治后的首次选举。对于这一政权更迭,几乎没有什么令人信服的解释。本文批评了威权主义“政权崩溃”和“政权维持”理论所产生的流行说法和潜在解释。相反,它又回到了关于军事干预和撤军的经典文献。军事政权如果没有因内部派系斗争或外部动乱而终结,通常会在认为自己已经充分解决了导致其夺取权力的危机后就会实行自由化。缅甸的情况就是如此。军方进行干预,是因为担心政治动荡和少数民族分裂主义叛乱会破坏缅甸一向脆弱的领土完整和主权。该政权并没有在2010年突然实行自由化,而是曾两次试图建立一个“有纪律的民主”来维护其首选的社会和政治秩序,但都遭到了社会反对派的阻挠。它2010年的成功源于通过“停火资本主义”进行强制性国家建设和经济整合的战略,该战略削弱并吸纳了大部分反对派。在改变了对自己有利的力量平衡后,该政权有足够的信心实施其首选的解决方案。然而,这一过渡既没有反映出军方的全面“胜利”,也没有确保真正或持久的和平。
In 2010, Myanmar (Burma) held its first elections after 22 years of direct military rule. Few compelling explanations for this regime transition have emerged. This article critiques popular accounts and potential explanations generated by theories of authoritarian “regime breakdown” and “regime maintenance”. It returns instead to the classical literature on military intervention and withdrawal. Military regimes, when not terminated by internal factionalism or external unrest, typically liberalize once they feel they have sufficiently addressed the crises that prompted their seizure of power. This was the case in Myanmar. The military intervened for fear that political unrest and ethnic-minority separatist insurgencies would destroy Myanmar's always-fragile territorial integrity and sovereignty. Far from suddenly liberalizing in 2010, the regime sought to create a “disciplined democracy” to safeguard its preferred social and political order twice before, but was thwarted by societal opposition. Its success in 2010 stemmed from a strategy of coercive state-building and economic incorporation via “ceasefire capitalism”, which weakened and co-opted much of the opposition. Having altered the balance of forces in its favour, the regime felt sufficiently confident to impose its preferred settlement. However, the transition neither reflected total “victory” for the military nor secured a genuine or lasting peace.
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