Structure-Aided Development of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of ENPP1, the Extracellular Phosphodiesterase of the Immunotransmitter cGAMP.

Structure-Aided Development of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of ENPP1, the Extracellular Phosphodiesterase of the Immunotransmitter cGAMP.
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ENPP1的小分子抑制剂的结构辅助发育是免疫递质CGAMP的细胞外磷酸二酯酶。

DOI:
10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.07.007
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发表时间:
2020-11-19
影响因子:
8.6
通讯作者:
Li L
Li L
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Carozza JA;Brown JA;Böhnert V;Fernandez D;AlSaif Y;Mardjuki RE;Smith M;Li L

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癌细胞通过合成和输出小分子免疫递质cGAMP来启动先天免疫应答,cGAMP激活宿主中的抗癌干扰素基因刺激因子(STING)途径。一种胞外酶,外核苷酸焦磷酸酶磷酸二酯酶1(ENPP 1),水解cGAMP并负调节这种抗癌免疫应答。小分子ENPP 1抑制剂非常需要作为研究细胞外cGAMP的基础生物学的工具和作为研究性癌症免疫治疗药物。在这里,我们调查了一系列的细胞不渗透性,因此细胞外靶向膦酸酯抑制剂ENPP 1的结构-活性关系。此外,我们解决了示例性膦酸酯抑制剂的晶体结构,以阐明驱动效力的相互作用。该研究产生了几种最佳的化合物,Ki < 2 nM,具有优异的物理化学和药代动力学特性。最后,我们证明了ENPP 1抑制剂在乳腺癌小鼠模型中延迟肿瘤生长。我们共同开发了ENPP 1抑制剂,这些抑制剂是优秀的工具化合物和潜在的治疗剂。作为免疫递质cGAMP的主要水解酶,胞外酶ENPP 1抑制抗癌免疫应答。Carozza等人解决了ENPP 1与先导抑制剂复合的晶体结构,随后进行了结构-活性关系研究。由此产生的有效和特异性细胞外ENPP 1抑制剂延迟小鼠肿瘤生长。
Cancer cells initiate an innate immune response by synthesizing and exporting the small molecule immunotransmitter cGAMP, which activates the anti-cancer Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) pathway in the host. An extracellular enzyme, ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), hydrolyzes cGAMP and negatively regulates this anti-cancer immune response. Small molecule ENPP1 inhibitors are much needed as tools to study basic biology of extracellular cGAMP and as investigational cancer immunotherapy drugs. Here, we surveyed structure-activity relationships around a series of cell-impermeable and thus extracellular-targeting phosphonate inhibitors of ENPP1. Additionally, we solved the crystal structure of an exemplary phosphonate inhibitor to elucidate the interactions that drive potency. This study yielded several best-in-class compounds with Ki < 2 nM and excellent physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. Finally, we demonstrate that an ENPP1 inhibitor delays tumor growth in a breast cancer mouse model. Together, we have developed ENPP1 inhibitors that are excellent tool compounds and potential therapeutics. As the dominant hydrolase of the immunotransmitter cGAMP, the extracellular enzyme ENPP1 dampens the anti-cancer immune response. Carozza et al. solved the crystal structure of ENPP1 in complex with a lead inhibitor, followed by structure-activity relationship studies. The resulting potent and specific extracellular ENPP1 inhibitor delays tumor growth in mice.
DOI: 10.1107/s090744491003982x
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