Pericytes and the Control of Blood Flow in Brain and Heart.

Pericytes and the Control of Blood Flow in Brain and Heart.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-034807
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发表时间:
2023-02-10
影响因子:
18.2
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学1区
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--
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周细胞附着于毛细血管表面,在调节局部血流中起重要作用。使用光遗传学工具和基因编码的报告者结合共聚焦和多光子成像技术,周细胞的3D结构,解剖组织和生理学最近已成为详细检查的主题。这项工作揭示了周细胞的新功能和形态特征,如大脑中的隧道纳米管和心脏中的隧道微管。在这里,我们讨论了我们目前对周细胞在大脑和心脏血流控制中的作用的理解,这些组织的功能可能因不同的时空代谢要求而不同。我们还概述了电代谢信号的新概念,这是一个通用的机制框架,将组织代谢状态与周细胞和血管平滑肌细胞的血流调节联系起来,毛细血管KATP和Kir2.1通道作为主要传感器。最后,我们提出了主要的未解决的问题,并概述了如何解决这些问题。
Pericytes, attached to the surface of capillaries, play an important role in regulating local blood flow. Using optogenetic tools and genetically encoded reporters in conjunction with confocal and multiphoton imaging techniques, the 3D structure, anatomical organization, and physiology of pericytes have recently been the subject of detailed examination. This work has revealed novel functions of pericytes and morphological features such as tunneling nanotubes in brain and tunneling microtubes in heart. Here, we discuss the state of our current understanding of the roles of pericytes in blood flow control in brain and heart, where functions may differ due to the distinct spatiotemporal metabolic requirements of these tissues. We also outline the novel concept of electro-metabolic signaling, a universal mechanistic framework that links tissue metabolic state with blood flow regulation by pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells, with capillary KATP and Kir2.1 channels as primary sensors. Finally, we present major unresolved questions and outline how they can be addressed.
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