THE MORALITY OF SANCTIONS

THE MORALITY OF SANCTIONS
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制裁的道德性

DOI:
10.1017/s0265052515000138
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发表时间:
2015
影响因子:
0.4
通讯作者:
Pattison J
Pattison J
中科院分区:
人文科学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pattison J

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经济制裁受到广泛批评。他们常常被认为是不分青红皂白的,有意造成伤害,并利用无辜者的痛苦作为制定政策改变的手段。事实上,一些人完全拒绝接受经济制裁。相比之下,在本文中,我为经济制裁辩护。我认为制裁不一定存在道德问题,并且在这样做时,我认为制裁的道德问题并不像人们通常声称的那样严重。我接着认为,制裁有时在道德上可能比主要替代方案更可取,特别是比战争和无所作为更可取。部分原因是制裁更有可能公平地分配当前因应对侵略和大规模暴行而不可避免地对无辜者造成的伤害。在本文的最后部分,我利用这一点更广泛地论证,我们应该经常支持战争与和平伦理中的“伤害分配方法”。
Economic sanctions have been subject to extensive criticism. They are often seen as indiscriminate, intending the harms that they inflict, and using the suffering of the innocent as a means to enact policy change. Indeed, some reject outright the permissibility of economic sanctions. By contrast, in this essay, I defend the case for economic sanctions. I argue that sanctions are not necessarily morally problematic and, in doing so, argue that sanctions are less morally problematic than is often claimed. I go on to argue that sanctions may sometimes be morally preferable to the leading alternatives and, in particular, to wars and doing nothing. This is in part because sanctions are more likely to distribute fairly the currently inevitable harms to innocents of tackling aggression and mass atrocities. In the final part of the essay, I draw on this point to argue more generally that that we should often favor a “Harm-Distribution Approach” in the ethics of war and peace.
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