Information structure: linguistic, cognitive, and processing approaches.

Information structure: linguistic, cognitive, and processing approaches.
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DOI:
10.1002/wcs.1234
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发表时间:
2013-07
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
Kim, Lucy K.
Kim, Lucy K.
中科院分区:
心理学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Arnold, Jennifer E.;Kaiser, Elsi;Kahn, Jason M.;Kim, Lucy K.

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语言形式因所传达的信息而异。它的一些变化方式包括词序、指称形式、形态标记和韵律。相关的信息类别包括一个词或其所指对象在上下文中的使用方式,例如,一个特定的所指对象之前是否被提到过,以及它在当前的话语或话语中是否扮演着主题角色。我们首先提供了一个广泛的审查是敏感的信息结构的语言现象。然后,我们讨论了几种理论方法来解释信息结构:信息状态作为语法的一部分;信息状态作为一个代表的扬声器和听众的知识的共同点和/或其他话语参与者的知识状态;和最佳系统的方法。这些不同的方法反映了这样一个事实,即在该领域中,对于哪些信息状态类别是相关的,或者它们应该如何表示,几乎没有共识。我们认为,未来的工作,使这些线的工作在一起,人们如何编码信息状态和使用它的语言生产和理解明确的心理语言学模型的可能性。
Language form varies as a result of the information being communicated. Some of the ways in which it varies include word order, referential form, morphological marking, and prosody. The relevant categories of information include the way a word or its referent have been used in context, for example whether a particular referent has been previously mentioned or not, and whether it plays a topical role in the current utterance or discourse. We first provide a broad review of linguistic phenomena that are sensitive to information structure. We then discuss several theoretical approaches to explaining information structure: information status as a part of the grammar; information status as a representation of the speaker’s and listener’s knowledge of common ground and/or the knowledge state of other discourse participants; and the optimal systems approach. These disparate approaches reflect the fact that there is little consensus in the field about precisely which information status categories are relevant, or how they should be represented. We consider possibilities for future work to bring these lines of work together in explicit psycholinguistic models of how people encode information status and use it for language production and comprehension.
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发表时间: 2010-04-01
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