What is the subjective cost of cognitive effort? Load, trait, and aging effects revealed by economic preference.
What is the subjective cost of cognitive effort? Load, trait, and aging effects revealed by economic preference.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0068210
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Braver TS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Westbrook A;Kester D;Braver TS
长期以来，人们一直认为认知努力是昂贵的，但这种努力成本可能会因个体而异。主观努力的个体差异可能在行为和神经科学评估中表现出主要和普遍的混淆，将认知能力与认知动机混为一谈。自我报告的认知努力量表已经开发出来，但缺乏客观的措施。在这项研究中，我们使用行为经济学方法的显示偏好量化主观努力。具体来说，我们采用了一个成熟的贴现范式来衡量认知努力导致参与者贴现货币奖励的程度。由此产生的指标是敏感的，包括客观的负荷和奖励金额，和个人之间的因素，包括年龄和特质认知参与。我们进一步验证认知努力折扣基准，它对延迟折扣的成熟措施。结果突出的承诺和效用的行为经济学工具评估特质和状态的影响认知动机。
It has long been assumed that people treat cognitive effort as costly, but also that such effort costs may vary greatly across individuals. Individual differences in subjective effort could present a major and pervasive confound in behavioral and neuroscience assessments, by conflating cognitive ability with cognitive motivation. Self-report cognitive effort scales have been developed, but objective measures are lacking. In this study, we use the behavioral economic approach of revealed preferences to quantify subjective effort. Specifically, we adapted a well-established discounting paradigm to measure the extent to which cognitive effort causes participants to discount monetary rewards. The resulting metrics are sensitive to both within-individual factors, including objective load and reward amount, and between-individual factors, including age and trait cognitive engagement. We further validate cognitive effort discounting by benchmarking it against well-established measures of delay discounting. The results highlight the promise and utility of behavioral economic tools for assessing trait and state influences on cognitive motivation.
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