Unconscious Influences on “Free Will” Movement Initiation: Slow-wave Brain Stimulation and the Readiness Potential
Unconscious Influences on “Free Will” Movement Initiation: Slow-wave Brain Stimulation and the Readiness Potential
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无意识对“自由意志”运动启动的影响：慢波大脑刺激和准备电位
DOI：
10.1162/jocn_a_01840
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
R. Cunnington
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Samuel Armstrong;N. Bland;M. Sale;R. Cunnington
摘要意志研究的一个中心目标是确定神经活动的变化与自愿-“自由意志”-运动的关系。在EEG中观察到准备电位（RP）作为动作开始之前的缓慢建立信号。许多人认为，经常方案是发起自愿运动的基本筹备进程的标志。然而，RP可能出现从正在进行的慢波脑振荡，影响运动开始的时间在一个相位依赖的方式。经颅交流电刺激（tACS）使大脑振荡能够以刺激的频率被夹带。我们提供了tACS在慢波频率超过额中央运动区，而参与者（n = 30）进行了一个简单的，自我节奏的按钮按下任务。在活跃的tACS条件下，参与者表现出倾向于在tACS周期的阶段发起行动，这对应于额中央运动区的负电位增加。额中央和中央头皮电极上观察到的运动前EEG活动的比较显示，与假刺激相比，主动刺激的RP的发作更早，幅度增加。这表明，大脑中与运动相关的活动可以通过在额中央运动区传递微弱的、无意识可感知的交流电来调节。我们提出了新的发现，支持现有的理论，这表明自愿运动的时间是由缓慢变化的振荡大脑状态的相位的影响。
Abstract A central objective in the study of volition has been to identify how changes in neural activity relate to voluntary—“free will”—movement. The readiness potential (RP) is observed in the EEG as a slow-building signal that precedes action onset. Many consider the RP as a marker of an underlying preparatory process for initiating voluntary movement. However, the RP may emerge from ongoing slow-wave brain oscillations that influence the timing of movement initiation in a phase-dependent manner. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) enables brain oscillations to be entrained at the frequency of stimulation. We delivered tACS at a slow-wave frequency over frontocentral motor areas while participants (n = 30) performed a simple, self-paced button press task. During the active tACS condition, participants showed a tendency to initiate actions in the phase of the tACS cycle that corresponded to increased negative potentials across the frontocentral motor region. Comparisons of premovement EEG activity observed over frontocentral and central scalp electrodes showed earlier onset and increased amplitude of RPs from active stimulation compared with sham stimulation. This suggests that movement-related activity in the brain can be modulated by the delivery of weak, nonconsciously perceptible alternating currents over frontocentral motor regions. We present novel findings that support existing theories, which suggest the timing of voluntary movement is influenced by the phase of slow-changing oscillating brain states.
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影响因子：
19.9
作者：
Schurger A;Hu P';Pak J;Roskies AL
通讯作者：
Roskies AL
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Noury, Nima;Hipp, Joerg F.;Siegel, Markus
通讯作者：
Siegel, Markus
影响因子：
9.2
作者：
Helfrich, Randolph F.;Schneider, Till R.;Herrmann, Christoph S.
通讯作者：
Herrmann, Christoph S.
影响因子：
--
作者：
Brainard, DH
通讯作者：
Brainard, DH