The Responses of Young Domestic Horses to Human-Given Cues.
The Responses of Young Domestic Horses to Human-Given Cues.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0067000
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
McComb K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Proops L;Rayner J;Taylor AM;McComb K
有人认为，至少在某些物种中，驯化的过程导致了一种天生的倾向，即善于阅读人类的交流和注意线索。成年国内马（马caballus）是高度敏感的微妙的身体线索时，确定一个人是否参加他们，但他们不太善于使用人类的沟通线索在对象选择任务。在这里，我们提供了第一个研究的个体发育的这些技能，以获得深入了解这些能力的机制。与成年马相比，三岁以下的年轻马可以使用身体方向，但不能使用更微妙的线索，如头部运动和睁开/闭上眼睛，以正确地选择一个细心的人接近食物。在两个物体选择实验中，年轻马匹的表现与成年马匹相当-受试者能够使用标记放置，指向和触摸提示正确选择奖励桶，但不能使用身体方向，凝视，肘部指向或敲击提示。总之，这些结果并不支持这样的理论，即马具有先天的倾向，特别是善于利用人类的线索。马的能力，以确定人类是否参加他们使用微妙的身体线索似乎需要显着的经验，以充分发展和他们的可能不显着使用有限的线索在对象选择任务，虽然目前在一个更早的年龄，可能反映了一个更一般的学习能力有关的刺激增强，而不是一个特定的“人类阅读”的技能。
It has been suggested that the process of domestication, at least in some species, has led to an innate predisposition to be skilled at reading human communicative and attentional cues. Adult domestic horses (Equus caballus) are highly sensitive to subtle bodily cues when determining if a person is attending to them but they are less adept at using human communicative cues in object choice tasks. Here we provide the first study into the ontogeny of such skills in order to gain insights into the mechanisms underlying these abilities. Compared with adult horses, youngsters under the age of three could use body orientation but not more subtle cues such as head movement and open/closed eyes to correctly choose an attentive person to approach for food. Across two object choice experiments, the performance of young horses was comparable to that of adult horses – subjects were able to correctly choose a rewarded bucket using marker placement, pointing and touching cues but could not use body orientation, gaze, elbow pointing or tapping cues. Taken together these results do not support the theory that horses possess an innate predisposition to be particularly skilled at using human cues. Horses' ability to determine whether humans are attending to them using subtle body cues appears to require significant experience to fully develop and their perhaps less remarkable use of limited cues in object choice tasks, although present at a much earlier age, is likely to reflect a more general learning ability related to stimulus enhancement rather than a specific ‘human-reading’ skill.
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