Analysis of longitudinal data to evaluate a policy change.

Analysis of longitudinal data to evaluate a policy change.
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DOI:
10.1002/sim.3340
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发表时间:
2008-10-30
影响因子:
2
通讯作者:
Heagerty, Patrick J.
Heagerty, Patrick J.
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
French, Benjamin;Heagerty, Patrick J.

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纵向数据分析方法是探索有关变化的科学问题的有力工具,非常适合评估新政策的影响。然而,有一些具有挑战性的方面,政策变化的数据,需要考虑,如定义比较组,分离的政策,时间的影响,并占异质性的政策效果。我们比较了目前可用的方法来评估政策变化,并通过案例研究消除枪支使用限制(shall-issue法律)和枪支相关凶杀案的法律来说明政策变化分析的具体问题。我们得到的杀人率比率估计的影响,颁布一个shall问题的法律,在0.903和1.101之间变化。我们的结论是,在一个政策变化的分析,这是至关重要的是选择一个平均模型,最准确地描述了预期的政策干预效果,彻底建模的时间趋势,并选择方法,以适应特定单位的政策效果。我们还得出结论,一些纵向数据分析方法是有用的,以评估政策的变化,但并非所有可能是适当的,在某些情况下。分析师必须仔细决定哪些方法适合他们的应用,必须意识到方法之间的差异,以选择一个程序,产生有效的推理。
Longitudinal data analysis methods are powerful tools for exploring scientific questions regarding change and are well-suited to evaluate the impact of a new policy. However, there are challenging aspects of policy change data that require consideration, such as defining comparison groups, separating the effect of time from that of the policy, and accounting for heterogeneity in the policy effect. We compare currently available methods to evaluate a policy change and illustrate issues specific to a policy change analysis via a case study of laws that eliminate gun-use restrictions (shall-issue laws) and firearm-related homicide. We obtain homicide rate ratios estimating the effect of enacting a shall-issue law that vary between 0.903 and 1.101. We conclude that in a policy change analysis it is essential to select a mean model that most accurately characterizes the anticipated effect of the policy intervention, thoroughly model temporal trends, and select methods that accommodate unit-specific policy effects. We also conclude that several longitudinal data analysis methods are useful to evaluate a policy change, but not all may be appropriate in certain contexts. Analysts must carefully decide which methods are appropriate for their application and must be aware of the differences between methods to select a procedure that generates valid inference.
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