Noisy Synaptic Conductance: Bug or a Feature?

Noisy Synaptic Conductance: Bug or a Feature?
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DOI:
10.1016/j.tins.2020.03.009
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发表时间:
2020-06
影响因子:
15.9
通讯作者:
Latham PE
Latham PE
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rusakov DA;Savtchenko LP;Latham PE

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通常情况下,动作电位不能触发神经递质的释放。即使神经递质被释放,突触传导的变化也是高度可变的。考虑到产生和传播动作电位的能量成本,以及突触之间信息传输的重要性,这似乎既浪费又低效。然而,突触噪声所产生的可变传输可以改善,在某些限制条件下,信息传输。在更广泛的条件下,它可以改善每次释放的信息传输,考虑到大脑中计算的能量限制,这一数量是相关的。在这里,我们讨论的作用,积极和消极的,突触噪音在大脑中的信息传输和计算中发挥作用。突触传递是嘈杂的,部分原因是神经递质的释放是不可靠的,但也因为突触受体电流随机变化。当突触输入低于细胞尖峰阈值时,添加噪声可以将其推到阈值以上,从而改善信息传输。突触噪声可以扩大传输的动态范围。突触噪声允许突触传达它们的不确定程度。噪音是大脑活动的普遍特征,可能是任何大脑工作原理理论的关键要素。
More often than not, action potentials fail to trigger neurotransmitter release. And even when neurotransmitter is released, the resulting change in synaptic conductance is highly variable. Given the energetic cost of generating and propagating action potentials, and the importance of information transmission across synapses, this seems both wasteful and inefficient. However, synaptic noise arising from variable transmission can improve, in certain restricted conditions, information transmission. Under broader conditions, it can improve information transmission per release, a quantity that is relevant given the energetic constraints on computing in the brain. Here we discuss the role, both positive and negative, synaptic noise plays in information transmission and computation in the brain. Synaptic transmission is noisy, partially because neurotransmitter release is unreliable but also because synaptic receptor current varies stochastically. When synaptic input is below the cell spike threshold, adding noise may push it above the threshold, thus improving information transmission. Synaptic noise can widen the dynamic range of transmission. Synaptic noise allows synapses to communicate their degree of uncertainty. Noise is a ubiquitous feature of brain activity and is likely to be a critical element in any theory of how the brain works.
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