Evolution of a predator-induced, nonlinear reaction norm.

Evolution of a predator-induced, nonlinear reaction norm.
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捕食者诱导的非线性反应规范的演变。

DOI:
10.1098/rspb.2017.0859
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发表时间:
2017-08-30
期刊:
Proceedings. Biological sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Beckerman AP
Beckerman AP
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Carter MJ;Lind MI;Dennis SR;Hentley W;Beckerman AP

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可诱导的、抗捕食者的性状是表型可塑性的一个典型例子。它们的进化动力取决于它们的遗传基础、种群所经历的捕食风险的历史模式和当前的选择梯度。当种群经历捕食者与对比狩猎策略和大小偏好,理论表明对比微观进化选择的反应。蚤状水蚤是一个理想的物种,探索反捕食者性状的微观进化反应,因为他们面临异质捕食制度,有时只经历无脊椎动物的捕食者和其他时间经历脊椎动物鱼类和无脊椎动物的捕食者的蠓。我们探讨了捕食者诱导的形态反应规范的适应性进化的合理模式。我们结合了选择梯度的估计,描述了各种栖息地,D。pulex的经验与诱导形态防御的数量遗传结构的细节。我们的数据揭示了一个精细的规模描述水蚤防御反应规范,和一个强大的协方差之间的敏感性线索和线索的最大反应。通过分析的反应规范,以合理的,捕食者特定的选择梯度的反应,我们如何在这种协方差的背景下,微进化可能比预测的更均匀的大小选择性捕食理论。我们的研究结果表明,如何协方差线索的敏感性和最大反应线索的形态防御可以塑造的进化轨迹捕食诱导防御在D。蚤。
Inducible, anti-predator traits are a classic example of phenotypic plasticity. Their evolutionary dynamics depend on their genetic basis, the historical pattern of predation risk that populations have experienced and current selection gradients. When populations experience predators with contrasting hunting strategies and size preferences, theory suggests contrasting micro-evolutionary responses to selection. Daphnia pulex is an ideal species to explore the micro-evolutionary response of anti-predator traits because they face heterogeneous predation regimes, sometimes experiencing only invertebrate midge predators and other times experiencing vertebrate fish and invertebrate midge predators. We explored plausible patterns of adaptive evolution of a predator-induced morphological reaction norm. We combined estimates of selection gradients that characterize the various habitats that D. pulex experiences with detail on the quantitative genetic architecture of inducible morphological defences. Our data reveal a fine scale description of daphnid defensive reaction norms, and a strong covariance between the sensitivity to cues and the maximum response to cues. By analysing the response of the reaction norm to plausible, predator-specific selection gradients, we show how in the context of this covariance, micro-evolution may be more uniform than predicted from size-selective predation theory. Our results show how covariance between the sensitivity to cues and the maximum response to cues for morphological defence can shape the evolutionary trajectory of predator-induced defences in D. pulex.
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