Vegetative and Adaptive Traits Predict Different Outcomes for Restoration Using Hybrids.
Vegetative and Adaptive Traits Predict Different Outcomes for Restoration Using Hybrids.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2016.01741
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Jacobs DF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crystal PA;Lichti NI;Woeste KE;Jacobs DF
杂交被认为是物种形成、灭绝和入侵的驱动因素，但也可以在流行病后提供抗性种畜。然而，评估混合动力车是否适合用于恢复计划是很困难的。在 F1 代之后，祖代基因组的比例可能会有很大差异，亲本基因组的组合也是如此。详细的遗传分析可以揭示这些信息，但不能揭示由于杂种优势、越界性状或代谢或发育变化引起的表型改变。此外，由于进化通常是由极端个体驱动的，因此基于混合类的表型平均值的决策可能会产生意想不到的结果。我们展示了一种通过可视化相对于两个祖先物种的选定性状组的杂交表型来评估用于恢复的杂交种的策略。具体来说，我们使用判别分析，利用营养性状以及与幼苗表现相关的功能适应性特征来区分白胡桃 (Juglans cinerea L.)、黑胡桃 (J. nigra L.) 和日本胡桃 (J. ailantifolia Carr. var. cordiformis)。当投影到祖先性状空间时，白胡桃和日本核桃之间自然发生的杂交种（J.×bixbyi Rehd.）在营养性状上表现出向日本核桃的渐渗，但在功能性状上表现出杂种群体。这两项结果都表明，杂交种具有与胡桃不同的形态和生态表型，表明缺乏生态等效性，不应将其纳入恢复育种工作中。尽管存在这些差异，一些杂交品种仍被投影到胡桃幼苗 95% 置信椭圆所占据的空间中，这表明一些杂交品种在测量的性状上是相似的。确定如何一致地识别这些个体对于未来涉及杂交的育种和物种恢复工作至关重要。判别分析提供了一种有用的技术，可以可视化杂交种群过去的选择机制和当前的变异，特别是当区分祖先的关键生态特征未知时。此外，判别分析提供了一种工具来评估杂交群体的生态等效性和育种计划的努力，以选择某些性状并监测这些性状相对于祖先的变异量。
Hybridization has been implicated as a driver of speciation, extinction, and invasiveness, but can also provide resistant breeding stock following epidemics. However, evaluating the appropriateness of hybrids for use in restoration programs is difficult. Past the F1 generation, the proportion of a progenitor’s genome can vary widely, as can the combinations of parental genomes. Detailed genetic analysis can reveal this information, but cannot expose phenotypic alterations due to heterosis, transgressive traits, or changes in metabolism or development. In addition, because evolution is often driven by extreme individuals, decisions based on phenotypic averages of hybrid classes may have unintended results. We demonstrate a strategy to evaluate hybrids for use in restoration by visualizing hybrid phenotypes across selected groups of traits relative to both progenitor species. Specifically, we used discriminant analysis to differentiate among butternut (Juglans cinerea L.), black walnut (J. nigra L.), and Japanese walnut (J. ailantifolia Carr. var. cordiformis) using vegetative characters and then with functional adaptive traits associated with seedling performance. When projected onto the progenitor trait space, naturally occurring hybrids (J. × bixbyi Rehd.) between butternut and Japanese walnut showed introgression toward Japanese walnut at vegetative characters but exhibited a hybrid swarm at functional traits. Both results indicate that hybrids have morphological and ecological phenotypes that distinguish them from butternut, demonstrating a lack of ecological equivalency that should not be carried into restoration breeding efforts. Despite these discrepancies, some hybrids were projected into the space occupied by butternut seedlings’ 95% confidence ellipse, signifying that some hybrids were similar at the measured traits. Determining how to consistently identify these individuals is imperative for future breeding and species restoration efforts involving hybrids. Discriminant analysis provides a useful technique to visualize past selection mechanisms and current variation in hybrid populations, especially when key ecological traits that distinguish progenitors are unknown. Furthermore, discriminant analysis affords a tool to assess ecological equivalency of hybrid populations and breeding program efforts to select for certain traits and monitor the amount of variability of those traits, relative to progenitors.
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影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Jones, CG;Lawton, JH;Shachak, M
通讯作者：
Shachak, M
影响因子：
3.3
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通讯作者：
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