Darwinian evolution in the light of genomics.

Darwinian evolution in the light of genomics.
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DOI:
10.1093/nar/gkp089
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发表时间:
2009-03
影响因子:
14.9
通讯作者:
Koonin EV
Koonin EV
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Koonin EV

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比较基因组学和系统生物学为检验进化生物学的核心原则提供了前所未有的机会,这些原则是由达尔文在1859年的《物种起源》中提出的,并在100年后的《现代综合》中得到了扩展。进化基因组学研究表明,自然选择只是塑造基因组进化的力量之一,在数量上并不占主导地位,而非适应性过程比以前怀疑的要突出得多。水平基因转移和多样的自私基因元件对基因组进化的主要贡献破坏了生命之树的概念。对进化的充分描述需要更复杂的生命网络或“森林”的概念。没有一致的趋势,进化增加基因组的复杂性,当复杂性增加,这似乎是一个非适应性的结果,进化下的弱净化选择,而不是适应。发现了基因组进化的几个共性,包括来自不同基因组的直系同源基因之间的进化速率和旁系同源基因家族大小的不变分布,以及基因表达水平和序列进化速率之间的负相关。简单的、非适应性的进化模型解释了其中的一些共性,这表明在不远的将来,一种新的进化生物学综合体可能会变得可行。
Comparative genomics and systems biology offer unprecedented opportunities for testing central tenets of evolutionary biology formulated by Darwin in the Origin of Species in 1859 and expanded in the Modern Synthesis 100 years later. Evolutionary-genomic studies show that natural selection is only one of the forces that shape genome evolution and is not quantitatively dominant, whereas non-adaptive processes are much more prominent than previously suspected. Major contributions of horizontal gene transfer and diverse selfish genetic elements to genome evolution undermine the Tree of Life concept. An adequate depiction of evolution requires the more complex concept of a network or ‘forest’ of life. There is no consistent tendency of evolution towards increased genomic complexity, and when complexity increases, this appears to be a non-adaptive consequence of evolution under weak purifying selection rather than an adaptation. Several universals of genome evolution were discovered including the invariant distributions of evolutionary rates among orthologous genes from diverse genomes and of paralogous gene family sizes, and the negative correlation between gene expression level and sequence evolution rate. Simple, non-adaptive models of evolution explain some of these universals, suggesting that a new synthesis of evolutionary biology might become feasible in a not so remote future.
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