Phylogeography of bivalve Cyclina sinensis: testing the historical glaciations and Changjiang River outflow hypotheses in northwestern Pacific.

Phylogeography of bivalve Cyclina sinensis: testing the historical glaciations and Changjiang River outflow hypotheses in northwestern Pacific.
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双壳青蛤的系统发育地理学:检验西北太平洋历史冰川作用和长江外流假说

DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0049487
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Zheng X
Zheng X
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ni G;Li Q;Kong L;Zheng X

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西北太平洋边缘海具有独特的地形和复杂的水文特征。对该地区海洋物种遗传模式的解释提出了两种假说:历史冰期假说认为各海盆之间存在种群遗传分化,长江流出假说认为种群遗传断裂与长江口一致。本文对中国东海(ECS)、南海(SCS)和日本海(JPS) 3个边缘海的潮间带物种进行了系统地理学研究,以验证上述两种假说的有效性。对21个种群中335个个体的线粒体COI和细胞核ITS-1标记进行了序列分析。在不同边缘海种群之间观察到显著的成对ΦST。网络分析表明,单倍群/亚单倍群在海盆的分布有限,ECS和SCS之间有狭窄的次级接触带。利用错配分布、中性检验和扩展贝叶斯天际线图推断出ECS和SCS谱系的人口扩张。基于分子钟方法,估计了更新世以来COI谱系的分化时间。结论中华按蚊种群的系统地理断裂与历史上的海盆隔离一致,而与假定的长江出水口隔离不一致。冰川时期在海洋之间延伸的大型陆桥允许突变的积累,并随后产生了深度分化的谱系。随着屏障的转移,蛤的低扩散能力和海岸海洋学可能有利于历史模式的维持。本研究支持历史冰期假说对中华月子现今系统地理格局的解释,并强调了历史冰期对西北太平洋低扩散能力海洋沿岸物种遗传结构形成的重要性。
Background The marginal seas of northwestern Pacific are characterized by unique topography and intricate hydrology. Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain genetic patterns of marine species inhabiting the region: the historical glaciations hypothesis suggests population genetic divergence between sea basins, whereas the Changjiang River outflow hypothesis suggests genetic break in line with the Changjiang Estuary. Here the phylogeography of bivalve Cyclina sinensis was investigated to test the validity of these two hypotheses for intertidal species in three marginal seas—the East China Sea (ECS), the South China Sea (SCS), and the Japan Sea (JPS). Methodology/Principal Findings Fragments of two markers (mitochondrial COI and nuclear ITS-1) were sequenced for 335 individuals collected from 21 populations. Significant pairwise ΦST were observed between different marginal sea populations. Network analyses illustrated restricted distribution of haplogroups/sub-haplogroups to sea basins, with a narrow secondary contact zone between the ECS and SCS. Demographic expansion was inferred for ECS and SCS lineages using mismatch distributions, neutral tests, and extended Bayesian Skyline Plots. Based on a molecular clock method, the divergence times among COI lineages were estimated dating from the Pleistocene. Conclusions The phylogeographical break revealed for C. sinensis populations is congruent with the historical isolation of sea basins rather than the putative Changjiang River outflow barrier. The large land bridges extending between seas during glaciation allowed accumulation of mutations and subsequently gave rise to deep divergent lineages. The low-dispersal capacity of the clam and coastal oceanography may facilitate the maintenance of the historical patterns as barriers shift. Our study supports the historical glaciations hypothesis for interpreting present-day phylogeographical patterns of C. sinensis, and highlights the importance of historical glaciations for generating genetic structure of marine coastal species especially those with low-dispersal abilities in northwestern Pacific.
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