Combined effects of perchlorate, thiocyanate, and iodine on thyroid function in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-08.
Combined effects of perchlorate, thiocyanate, and iodine on thyroid function in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-08.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2013.01.005
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发表时间：
2013-05
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Smith, Allan H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Steinmaus, Craig;Miller, Mark D.;Cushing, Lara;Blount, Benjamin C.;Smith, Allan H.
高氯酸盐、硫氰酸盐和低碘摄入都可以减少甲状腺的碘摄入量。这可以减少甲状腺激素的产生，因为碘化物是甲状腺激素的关键成分。以前的研究表明，这些因素中的每一个都可能降低甲状腺激素水平，但影响范围很小。我们假设，同时具有所有三种因素的人的甲状腺激素水平比没有的人低得多，这种组合暴露的影响远远大于一次只关注一个因素的分析中看到的影响。使用2007-2008年全国健康和营养检查调查的数据，根据受试者的尿高氯酸盐、碘和硫氰酸盐浓度将受试者分为暴露组，并比较各组之间的平均血清甲状腺素浓度。高高氯酸盐受试者（n=1939）的甲状腺素浓度比低高氯酸盐受试者（n=2084）低5.0%（平均差异= 0.40 µg/dl，95%置信区间=0.14-0.65）。碘和硫氰酸盐的个体效应甚至更小。高高氯酸盐、高硫氰酸盐和低碘组合受试者（n=62）的甲状腺素浓度比低高氯酸盐、低硫氰酸盐和碘充足受试者（n=376）低12.9%（平均差异= 1.07 µg/dl，95%置信区间=0.55-1.59）。潜在的混杂因素对结果的影响很小。总的来说，这些结果表明，同时暴露于高氯酸盐，硫氰酸盐和低碘显着降低甲状腺素的生产。这突出了在评估甲状腺干扰剂的毒性时检查多种药物的联合作用的潜在重要性。
Perchlorate, thiocyanate, and low iodine intake can all decrease iodide intake into the thyroid gland. This can reduce thyroid hormone production since iodide is a key component of thyroid hormone. Previous research has suggested that each of these factors alone may decrease thyroid hormone levels, but effect sizes are small. We hypothesized that people who have all three factors at the same time have substantially lower thyroid hormone levels than people who do not, and the effect of this combined exposure is substantially larger than the effects seen in analyses focused on only one factor at a time. Using data from the 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, subjects were categorized into exposure groups based on their urinary perchlorate, iodine, and thiocyanate concentrations, and mean serum thyroxine concentrations were compared between groups. Subjects with high perchlorate (n=1939) had thyroxine concentrations that were 5.0% lower (mean difference = 0.40 µg/dl, 95% confidence interval=0.14-0.65) than subjects with low perchlorate (n=2084). The individual effects of iodine and thiocyanate were even smaller. Subjects with high perchlorate, high thiocyanate, and low iodine combined (n=62) had thyroxine concentrations 12.9% lower (mean difference = 1.07 µg/dl, 95% confidence interval=0.55-1.59) than subjects with low perchlorate, low thiocyanate, and adequate iodine (n=376). Potential confounders had little impact on results. Overall, these results suggest that concomitant exposure to perchlorate, thiocyanate, and low iodine markedly reduces thyroxine production. This highlights the potential importance of examining the combined effects of multiple agents when evaluating the toxicity of thyroid-disrupting agents.
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