Enantioselective isothiourea-catalysed reversible Michael addition of aryl esters to 2-benzylidene malononitriles.

Enantioselective isothiourea-catalysed reversible Michael addition of aryl esters to 2-benzylidene malononitriles.
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对映射的异硫酸含量可逆迈克尔将芳基酯添加到2-苯二苯甲硝那腈中。

DOI:
10.1039/d3sc02101g
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发表时间:
2023-07-12
期刊:
影响因子:
8.4
通讯作者:
Smith, Andrew D.
Smith, Andrew D.
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nimmo, Alastair J.;Bitai, Jacqueline;Young, Claire M.;McLaughlin, Calum;Slawin, Alexandra M. Z.;Cordes, David B.;Smith, Andrew D.

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催化对映体选择性转化通常依赖于在动力学控制的反应过程中观察到的最佳对映体选择性,非对映异构体过渡态能量之间的能量差异转化为立体异构体产物比。在这里,证明了在异硫脲作为Lewis碱催化剂的情况下,芳基酯与2-亚苄基丙二腈的不寻常的可逆Michael加成所产生的立体选择性。值得注意的是,芳氧基组分的碱度和异硫脲Lewis碱的反应性都会影响观察到的产品选择性,对照研究和交叉实验表明,从所需产品进行建设性的可逆Michael加成是可行的。当这种可逆加成与结晶诱导的非对映异构体转化(CIDT)相结合时,它可以在高产率和立体对照中分离产物(14例,高达95 : 5 DR和99 : 1 Er)。这一过程应用于克级,加上衍生品,以提供更多的有用的产品,被证明。在异硫脲Lewis碱催化剂作用下,芳基酯与2-亚苄基丙二腈发生了一种不寻常的可逆加成反应,对照研究表明了构筑可逆Michael加成反应的可行性。
Catalytic enantioselective transformations usually rely upon optimal enantioselectivity being observed in kinetically controlled reaction processes, with energy differences between diastereoisomeric transition state energies translating to stereoisomeric product ratios. Herein, stereoselectivity resulting from an unusual reversible Michael addition of an aryl ester to 2-benzylidene malononitrile electrophiles using an isothiourea as a Lewis base catalyst is demonstrated. Notably, the basicity of the aryloxide component and reactivity of the isothiourea Lewis base both affect the observed product selectivity, with control studies and crossover experiments indicating the feasibility of a constructive reversible Michael addition from the desired product. When this reversible addition is coupled with a crystallisation-induced diastereomer transformation (CIDT) it allows isolation of products in high yield and stereocontrol (14 examples, up to 95 : 5 dr and 99 : 1 er). Application of this process to gram scale, plus derivatisations to provide further useful products, is demonstrated. An unusual reversible addition of aryl esters to 2-benzylidene malononitriles using an isothiourea Lewis base catalyst is demonstrated with control studies indicating the feasibility of a constructive reversible Michael addition.
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