Streptococcus pneumoniae biofilm formation and dispersion during colonization and disease.
Streptococcus pneumoniae biofilm formation and dispersion during colonization and disease.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcimb.2014.00194
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Hakansson AP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chao Y;Marks LR;Pettigrew MM;Hakansson AP
肺炎链球菌(肺炎球菌)是人类鼻咽常见的定殖物。尽管侵袭性疾病的比率很低，但殖民主义的高流行率每年导致数百万人感染和100多万人死亡，其中大部分是5岁以下的人和老年人。定植肺炎球菌在鼻咽环境中形成组织良好的生物膜群落，但生物膜在定植和疾病过程中的具体作用及其与宿主的相互作用尚不清楚。生物被膜中的肺炎球菌对抗菌剂具有高度的耐药性，当肺炎球菌在鼻咽环境中发现的条件下生长在呼吸道上皮细胞上时，这种表型可以重现。肺炎球菌生物膜在体内显示出较低的毒力水平，并为增加体外和体内的遗传交流提供了一个最佳环境，在与多个菌株共存期间可以看到更多的自然转化。在肺炎和中耳感染期间，也在粘膜表面检测到生物膜，尽管这些生物膜在疾病过程中的作用仍有争议。最近的研究表明，伴随病毒感染、微生物区系变化、炎症或其他宿主攻击引起的鼻咽环境变化会引发肺炎球菌从生物膜中主动释放。这些分散的细菌具有不同于生物膜和肉汤培养的浮游细菌的不同表型属性和转录图谱，导致体内毒力显著增强。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了肺炎球菌生物膜的特性，生物膜形成在肺炎球菌定植过程中的作用，包括它们增加交换遗传物质的能力，以及从无症状的生物膜定植向无菌部位的扩散和疾病过渡的机制。更好地了解肺炎球菌生物膜的形成和扩散将阐明干扰抗生素耐药性传播和疫苗逃逸的新途径，以及针对肺炎球菌疾病诱导机制的新策略。
Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a common colonizer of the human nasopharynx. Despite a low rate of invasive disease, the high prevalence of colonization results in millions of infections and over one million deaths per year, mostly in individuals under the age of 5 and the elderly. Colonizing pneumococci form well-organized biofilm communities in the nasopharyngeal environment, but the specific role of biofilms and their interaction with the host during colonization and disease is not yet clear. Pneumococci in biofilms are highly resistant to antimicrobial agents and this phenotype can be recapitulated when pneumococci are grown on respiratory epithelial cells under conditions found in the nasopharyngeal environment. Pneumococcal biofilms display lower levels of virulence in vivo and provide an optimal environment for increased genetic exchange both in vitro and in vivo, with increased natural transformation seen during co-colonization with multiple strains. Biofilms have also been detected on mucosal surfaces during pneumonia and middle ear infection, although the role of these biofilms in the disease process is debated. Recent studies have shown that changes in the nasopharyngeal environment caused by concomitant virus infection, changes in the microflora, inflammation, or other host assaults trigger active release of pneumococci from biofilms. These dispersed bacteria have distinct phenotypic properties and transcriptional profiles different from both biofilm and broth-grown, planktonic bacteria, resulting in a significantly increased virulence in vivo. In this review we discuss the properties of pneumococcal biofilms, the role of biofilm formation during pneumococcal colonization, including their propensity for increased ability to exchange genetic material, as well as mechanisms involved in transition from asymptomatic biofilm colonization to dissemination and disease of otherwise sterile sites. Greater understanding of pneumococcal biofilm formation and dispersion will elucidate novel avenues to interfere with the spread of antibiotic resistance and vaccine escape, as well as novel strategies to target the mechanisms involved in induction of pneumococcal disease.
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影响因子：
6.4
作者：
Blanchette-Cain K;Hinojosa CA;Akula Suresh Babu R;Lizcano A;Gonzalez-Juarbe N;Munoz-Almagro C;Sanchez CJ;Bergman MA;Orihuela CJ
通讯作者：
Orihuela CJ
研究肺炎球菌类型的诱导物质转化的化学性质：通过从III型肺炎球菌分离出的脱氧核糖核酸分数诱导转化。
DOI：
10.1084/jem.79.2.137
发表时间：
1944-02-01
期刊：
The Journal of experimental medicine
影响因子：
--
作者：
Avery OT;Macleod CM;McCarty M
通讯作者：
McCarty M
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Balachandran, P;Brooks-Walter, A;Briles, DE
通讯作者：
Briles, DE
影响因子：
--
作者：
Chole, RA;Faddis, BT
通讯作者：
Faddis, BT
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Chonmaitree, Tasnee;Ruohola, Aino;Hendley, J. Owen
通讯作者：
Hendley, J. Owen