Neighborhoods and Fertility in Accra, Ghana: An AMOEBA-based Approach.
Neighborhoods and Fertility in Accra, Ghana: An AMOEBA-based Approach.
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DOI：
10.1080/00045601003791391
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rain D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Weeks JR;Getis A;Hill AG;Agyei-Mensah S;Rain D
撒哈拉以南非洲大部分地区的生育率水平仍然很高，尽管最近有所下降，甚至在加纳的大首都阿克拉，妇女生育子女的速度也远远超过更替水平，这将导致该城市未来人口大幅增长。我们在这篇论文中的目的是评估邻里环境可能塑造生殖行为的方式在阿克拉。在这个过程中，我们介绍了几个重要的创新，以了解在撒哈拉以南非洲城市的城市内生育水平：（1）尽管近爆炸的工作，社区作为一个空间单元的分析，很少有这样的研究已经进行了富裕国家以外的地方;（2）我们的特点是社区的基础上，我们称之为“本地社区”的地方知识;（3）然后我们使用一种新的聚类工具AMOEBA算法来定义我们所谓的"有机社区"，以创建这些社区;然后（4）我们评估并解释哪些社区概念对个体女性的生殖行为具有最大的可测量的上下文影响。多层次回归分析表明，乡土社区更有影响力的妇女的决定推迟结婚，而基于社会经济地位的有机社区更好地捕捉的因素，塑造婚后生育的决定。
Fertility levels remain high in most of sub-Saharan Africa, despite recent declines, and even in a large capital city such as Accra, Ghana, women are having children at a pace that is well above replacement level and this will contribute to significant levels of future population growth in the city. Our purpose in this paper is to evaluate the way in which neighborhood context may shape reproductive behavior in Accra. In the process, we introduce several important innovations to the understanding of intra-urban fertility levels in a sub-Saharan African city: (1) despite the near explosion of work on neighborhoods as a spatial unit of analysis, very little of this research has been conducted outside of the richer countries; (2) we characterize neighborhoods on the basis of local knowledge of what we call “vernacular neighborhoods”; (3) we then define what we call “organic neighborhoods” using a new clustering tool—the AMOEBA algorithm—to create these neighborhoods; and then (4) we evaluate and explain which of the neighborhood concepts has the largest measurable contextual effect on an individual woman’s reproductive behavior. Multi-level regression analysis suggests that vernacular neighborhoods are more influential on a woman’s decision to delay marriage, whereas the organic neighborhoods based on socioeconomic status better capture the factors that shape fertility decisions after marriage.
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