Glycemic control releases regenerative potential of pancreatic beta cells blocked by severe hyperglycemia.

Glycemic control releases regenerative potential of pancreatic beta cells blocked by severe hyperglycemia.
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血糖控制释放了被严重高血糖阻塞的胰腺β细胞的再生潜力。

DOI:
10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111719
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发表时间:
2022-11-29
期刊:
影响因子:
8.8
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学1区
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--
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小鼠中β细胞的致糖尿病性消融触发再生反应,由此存活的β细胞增殖并恢复正常。在这里,我们确定和表征异质性β细胞消融反应。有效的β细胞消除导致严重的高血糖症(>28 mmol/L),导致永久性糖尿病,尽管存活的β细胞参与细胞周期,但再生失败。引人注目的是,通过胰岛素、SGLT 2抑制或生酮饮食约3周的纠正可使β细胞群部分再生并从糖尿病中恢复,表明再生潜力被极端的葡萄糖毒性所掩盖。我们确定了暴露于极高葡萄糖水平的β细胞中的基因表达变化,指出代谢应激和关键细胞周期基因的下调,表明细胞周期完成失败。这些发现调和了关于葡萄糖对β细胞再生的影响的相互矛盾的数据,并确定了将血糖负荷从促再生转化为抗再生的葡萄糖阈值。Furth-Lavi等人表明,导致极端高血糖症的大量β细胞消融阻断了β细胞复制,通过下调关键细胞周期基因和抑制细胞周期进展来阻止血糖控制的恢复。这种阻断可通过使用胰岛素、SGLT 2抑制剂或生酮饮食降低葡萄糖水平来逆转。
Diabetogenic ablation of beta cells in mice triggers a regenerative response whereby surviving beta cells proliferate and euglycemia is regained. Here, we identify and characterize heterogeneity in response to beta cell ablation. Efficient beta cell elimination leading to severe hyperglycemia (>28 mmol/L), causes permanent diabetes with failed regeneration despite cell cycle engagement of surviving beta cells. Strikingly, correction of glycemia via insulin, SGLT2 inhibition, or a ketogenic diet for about 3 weeks allows partial regeneration of beta cell mass and recovery from diabetes, demonstrating regenerative potential masked by extreme glucotoxicity. We identify gene expression changes in beta cells exposed to extremely high glucose levels, pointing to metabolic stress and downregulation of key cell cycle genes, suggesting failure of cell cycle completion. These findings reconcile conflicting data on the impact of glucose on beta cell regeneration and identify a glucose threshold converting glycemic load from pro-regenerative to anti-regenerative. Furth-Lavi et al. show that massive beta cell ablation resulting in extreme hyperglycemia blocks beta cell replication, preventing recovery of glycemic control by downregulating key cell cycle genes and suppressing cell cycle progression. This blockade is reversed by lowering glucose levels with insulin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, or ketogenic diet.
胰腺β细胞在啮齿动物和人糖尿病中表达胎儿胰岛激素胃癌。
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