Laboratory evaluation of a prototype photochemical chamber designed to investigate the health effects of fresh and aged vehicular exhaust emissions.
Laboratory evaluation of a prototype photochemical chamber designed to investigate the health effects of fresh and aged vehicular exhaust emissions.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3109/08958378.2011.587034
复制
发表时间：
2011-07
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Koutrakis P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Papapostolou V;Lawrence JE;Diaz EA;Wolfson JM;Ferguson ST;Long MS;Godleski JJ;Koutrakis P
利用一辆汽车和一个光化学箱进行了模拟机动车尾气排放大气老化的实验室实验。小型汽车被用作排放源。汽车尾气稀释与环境空气，以达到一氧化碳（CO）浓度类似于在城市公路隧道中观察到的。随着汽车发动机空转，预计CO浓度是挥发性有机化合物（VOC）排放的合理替代物。改变废气的稀释量以产生不同的CO浓度，允许调节室内VOC的浓度以优化动物毒理学暴露所需的二次有机气溶胶（SOA）的产生。光化学反应室中的一氧化氮（NO）消耗，二氧化氮（NO2）的形成，臭氧（O3）的积累，和SOA的形成。在腔室平均停留时间为30 min时，获得了约40 µg m−3的稳定SOA浓度。这种相对较短的平均停留时间为颗粒表征和动物暴露提供了足够的室流量输出。该室作为用于动物毒理学试验的连续流反应器操作。用环境空气稀释的汽车尾气产生的SOA质量几乎完全处于超细模式。通过使用不同类型的种子气溶胶来提供用于半挥发性反应产物的冷凝的表面，从而提高SOA的产率，来改善腔室性能。使用Sprague-Dawley大鼠进行的毒理学研究发现，暴露于SOA后，肺部的体内化学发光显著增加。
Laboratory experiments simulating atmospheric aging of motor vehicle exhaust emissions were conducted using a single vehicle and a photochemical chamber. A compact automobile was used as a source of emissions. The vehicle exhaust was diluted with ambient air to achieve carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations similar to those observed in an urban highway tunnel. With the car engine idling, it is expected that the CO concentration is a reasonable surrogate for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions. Varying the amount of dilution of the exhaust gas to produce different CO concentrations, allowed adjustment of the concentrations of VOCs in the chamber to optimize production of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) needed for animal toxicological exposures. Photochemical reactions in the chamber resulted in nitric oxide (NO) depletion, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) formation, ozone (O3) accumulation, and SOA formation. A stable SOA concentration of approximately 40 µg m−3 at a chamber mean residence time of 30 min was achieved. This relatively short mean residence time provided adequate chamber flow output for both particle characterization and animal exposures. The chamber was operated as a continuous flow reactor for animal toxicological tests. SOA mass generated from the car exhaust diluted with ambient air was almost entirely in the ultrafine mode. Chamber performance was improved by using different types of seed aerosol to provide a surface for condensation of semivolatile reaction products, thus increasing the yield of SOA. Toxicological studies using Sprague-Dawley rats found significant increases of in vivo chemiluminescence in lungs following exposure to SOA.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
20.8
作者：
DOCKERY, DW;POPE, CA
通讯作者：
POPE, CA
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Odum, JR;Jungkamp, TPW;Seinfeld, JH
通讯作者：
Seinfeld, JH
DOI：
10.1016/0960-1686(90)90052-o
发表时间：
1990-01-01
期刊：
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS
影响因子：
--
作者：
IZUMI, K;FUKUYAMA, T
通讯作者：
FUKUYAMA, T
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Gurgueira SA;Lawrence J;Coull B;Murthy GG;González-Flecha B
通讯作者：
González-Flecha B
影响因子：
5
作者：
Feilberg, A;Nielsen, T;Poulsen, MWB
通讯作者：
Poulsen, MWB