Trans-activation, post-transcriptional maturation, and induction of antibodies to HERV-K (HML-2) envelope transmembrane protein in HIV-1 infection.

Trans-activation, post-transcriptional maturation, and induction of antibodies to HERV-K (HML-2) envelope transmembrane protein in HIV-1 infection.
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DOI:
10.1186/1742-4690-11-10
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发表时间:
2014-01-28
期刊:
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Nixon DF
Nixon DF
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Michaud HA;de Mulder M;SenGupta D;Deeks SG;Martin JN;Pilcher CD;Hecht FM;Sacha JB;Nixon DF

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人类内源性逆转录病毒 (HERV) 约占人类基因组的 8%,随着时间的推移积累突变后,它们已经失去了复制或产生感染性颗粒的能力。我们评估了 HIV-1 感染期间 HERV-K (HML-2) 包膜 mRNA 转录物和表面单位 (SU) 和跨膜 (TM) 亚基蛋白的表达动力学。我们还绘制了不同疾病阶段的 HIV-1 感染者对 HERV-K (HML-2) 包膜蛋白的体液反应的特异性,并将该反应与血浆病毒载量相关联。我们发现 HIV-1 修饰了 HERV-K (HML-2) Env mRNA 表达,导致细胞表面完全 N-糖基化的 HERV-K (HML-2) 包膜蛋白的表达。 HERV-K (HML-2) 包膜蛋白线性表位的血清学图谱揭示了两个主要的免疫原性结构域,一个位于 SU 上,另一个位于 TM 的胞外域上。 HIV-1 感染者的 HERV-K (HML-2) TM 抗体滴度显着增加 (p<<0.0001)。与接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的成人 (p<0.0001) 和未感染的成人 (p<0.0001) 相比,在没有治疗的情况下控制 HIV-1 的 HIV-1 感染成人(“精英”控制者)对 TM 的滴度反应更高。这些数据共同表明,HIV-1 感染会诱导完全糖基化的 HERV-K (HML-2) 包膜 TM 蛋白,并诱导产生抗体。这些抗 HERV-K (HML-2) TM 抗体是 HIV-1 感染的潜在标志,并且在精英控制者中具有较高的滴度。 HERV-K (HML-2) 包膜 TM 蛋白可能是 HIV-1 感染的新治疗靶点。
Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) comprise about 8% of the human genome and have lost their ability to replicate or to produce infectious particles after having accumulated mutations over time. We assessed the kinetics of expression of HERV-K (HML-2) Envelope mRNA transcript and surface unit (SU) and transmembrane (TM) subunit proteins during HIV-1 infection. We also mapped the specificity of the humoral response to HERV-K (HML-2) Envelope protein in HIV-1 infected subjects at different stages of disease, and correlated the response with plasma viral load. We found that HIV-1 modified HERV-K (HML-2) Env mRNA expression, resulting in the expression of a fully N-glycosylated HERV-K (HML-2) envelope protein on the cell surface. Serological mapping of HERV-K (HML-2) envelope protein linear epitopes revealed two major immunogenic domains, one on SU and another on the ectodomain of TM. The titers of HERV-K (HML-2) TM antibodies were dramatically increased in HIV-1 infected subjects (p < 0.0001). HIV-1 infected adults who control HIV-1 in the absence of therapy (“elite” controllers) had a higher titer response against TM compared to antiretroviral-treated adults (p < 0.0001) and uninfected adults (p < 0.0001). These data collectively suggest that HIV-1 infection induces fully glycosylated HERV-K (HML-2) envelope TM protein to which antibodies are induced. These anti-HERV-K (HML-2) TM antibodies are a potential marker of HIV-1 infection, and are at higher titer in elite controllers. HERV-K (HML-2) envelope TM protein may be a new therapeutic target in HIV-1 infection.
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