Hierarchical transitions and fractal wrinkling drive bacterial pellicle morphogenesis.
Hierarchical transitions and fractal wrinkling drive bacterial pellicle morphogenesis.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2023504118
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发表时间：
2021-05-18
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Bassler BL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Qin B;Fei C;Wang B;Stone HA;Wingreen NS;Bassler BL
多细胞细菌群落称为生物膜和薄膜显着影响医疗感染和工业生物污垢。生物膜和表膜通常作为细菌的储库。在这里，我们报告了一个分形的生物膜形态发生程序，在模型生物膜形成和全球病原体，霍乱弧菌的膜形成的基础。表膜形态发生的标志是出现了一个级联的自相似结构与分形般的缩放波长，增加表面积，并推测增强营养物质的运输和社区成员之间的信号。这种形态发生程序可以通过改变群落的空间异质性来改变。因此，细菌表膜可以提供易于处理的模型系统，以了解驱动形态发生的总体原则和功能性软生物材料的工程。细菌细胞可以在流体-流体界面处自组织成结构化群落。这些由细胞和细胞外基质组成的柔软的、有生命的物质被称为表膜。居住在薄膜中的细胞获得了群体水平的生存优势，例如增加了抗生素抗性。薄膜形成的动力学，更一般地说，复杂的形态如何从活性生物材料限制在界面上产生还没有得到很好的理解。在这里，使用霍乱弧菌作为我们的模式生物，定制的自适应立体显微镜，荧光成像，力学理论和模拟，我们报告了一个分形的褶皱形态发生程序，从根本上不同于众所周知的褶皱合并成褶皱，发生在被动薄膜在流体-流体界面。发生四个阶段：生长的创始殖民地，发病的初级皱纹，发展的第二弯曲脊不稳定性，并最终出现了级联的更精细的结构与分形一样缩放的波长。薄膜形成的时间演化取决于薄膜微结构的初始不均匀性。改变起始细菌接种密度会在形态发生阶段的顺序中产生三种变化，我们称之为旁路模式、结晶模式和不完全模式。尽管有这些全球性的结构转变，个别小菌落保持空间隔离，因此，社区保持空间和遗传异质性。我们的研究结果表明，记忆的原始微观结构是至关重要的设置表膜作为一种活性生物材料的形态发生动力学。
Multicellular bacterial communities called biofilms and pellicles significantly influence medical infections and industrial biofouling. Biofilms and pellicles often act as reservoirs of toxigenic bacteria. Here, we report a fractal wrinkling morphogenesis program that underlies pellicle formation in the model biofilm former and global pathogen, Vibrio cholerae. Pellicle morphogenesis is marked by the emergence of a cascade of self-similar structures with fractal-like scaling in wavelength, which increases surface area and presumably enhances nutrient transport and signaling among community members. This morphogenesis program can be altered by varying the spatial heterogeneity of the community. Thus, bacterial pellicles could provide tractable model systems to understand overarching principles driving morphogenesis and for engineering of functional soft biomaterials. Bacterial cells can self-organize into structured communities at fluid–fluid interfaces. These soft, living materials composed of cells and extracellular matrix are called pellicles. Cells residing in pellicles garner group-level survival advantages such as increased antibiotic resistance. The dynamics of pellicle formation and, more generally, how complex morphologies arise from active biomaterials confined at interfaces are not well understood. Here, using Vibrio cholerae as our model organism, a custom-built adaptive stereo microscope, fluorescence imaging, mechanical theory, and simulations, we report a fractal wrinkling morphogenesis program that differs radically from the well-known coalescence of wrinkles into folds that occurs in passive thin films at fluid–fluid interfaces. Four stages occur: growth of founding colonies, onset of primary wrinkles, development of secondary curved ridge instabilities, and finally the emergence of a cascade of finer structures with fractal-like scaling in wavelength. The time evolution of pellicle formation depends on the initial heterogeneity of the film microstructure. Changing the starting bacterial seeding density produces three variations in the sequence of morphogenic stages, which we term the bypass, crystalline, and incomplete modes. Despite these global architectural transitions, individual microcolonies remain spatially segregated, and thus, the community maintains spatial and genetic heterogeneity. Our results suggest that the memory of the original microstructure is critical in setting the morphogenic dynamics of a pellicle as an active biomaterial.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.50.3.576
发表时间：
1963-01-01
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
GWATKIN, RBL
通讯作者：
GWATKIN, RBL
影响因子：
8.6
作者：
DOUADY, S;COUDER, Y
通讯作者：
COUDER, Y
影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Absalon C;Van Dellen K;Watnick PI
通讯作者：
Watnick PI
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Beyhan, Sinem;Odell, Lindsay S.;Yildiz, Fitnat H.
通讯作者：
Yildiz, Fitnat H.
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Lim, B;Beyhan, S;Yildiz, FH
通讯作者：
Yildiz, FH