Introduction of apple ANR genes into tobacco inhibits expression of both CHI and DFR genes in flowers, leading to loss of anthocyanin.
Introduction of apple ANR genes into tobacco inhibits expression of both CHI and DFR genes in flowers, leading to loss of anthocyanin.
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DOI：
10.1093/jxb/err415
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发表时间：
2012-04
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Korban SS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Han Y;Vimolmangkang S;Soria-Guerra RE;Korban SS
苹果花青素还原酶(ANR)基因被克隆和鉴定，分别命名为MdANR1、MdANR2a和MdANR2b。MdANR1与MdANR2a和MdANR2b的DNA编码序列有91%的同源性，而MdANR2a和MdANR2b是等位基因，在编码区有99%的核苷酸序列同源性。MdANR1和MdANR2基因分别位于连锁群10和5上。MdANR1和MdANR2基因在黄皮cv中的表达水平普遍较高。金灿灿胜过红皮肤的简历。红色的很好吃。在果实发育过程中，mdANR1和mdANR2基因在果实中的转录积累逐渐减少。苹果MdANR基因在烟草中的异位表达分别正向和负向调节原花青素(PAS)和花色苷的生物合成，导致白色、淡粉红色和白色/红色斑纹花朵。所有转基因烟草花中花青素的积累均显著减少，而儿茶素和表儿茶素含量显著高于野生型植株。过量表达mdANR基因对烟草花色苷合成的抑制可能归因于参与花青素途径的查尔酮异构酶(CHI)和二氢黄素-4-还原酶(DFR)基因的下调。有趣的是，几个转基因株系在花中没有检测到编码亮氨酸花青素还原酶(LAR)的基因转录，但转基因植株的花中积累了比野生型植物更高水平的儿茶素。这一发现表明，ANR基因可能能够通过另一种途径产生儿茶素，尽管这一机制尚未进一步阐明。
Three genes encoding anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) in apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.), designated MdANR1, MdANR2a, and MdANR2b, have been cloned and characterized. MdANR1 shows 91% identity in coding DNA sequences with MdANR2a and MdANR2b, while MdANR2a and MdANR2b are allelic and share 99% nucleotide sequence identity in the coding region. MdANR1 and MdANR2 genes are located on linkage groups 10 and 5, respectively. Expression levels of both MdANR1 and MdANR2 genes are generally higher in yellow-skinned cv. Golden Delicious than in red-skinned cv. Red Delicious. Transcript accumulation of MdANR1 and MdANR2 genes in fruits gradually decreased throughout fruit development. Ectopic expression of apple MdANR genes in tobacco positively and negatively regulates the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins (PAs) and anthocyanin, respectively, resulting in white, pale pink-coloured, and white/red variegated flowers. The accumulation of anthocyanin is significantly reduced in all tobacco transgenic flowers, while catechin and epicatechin contents in transgenic flowers are significantly higher than those in flowers of wild-type plants. The inhibition of anthocyanin synthesis in tobacco transgenic flowers overexpressing MdANR genes is probably attributed to down-regulation of CHALCONE ISOMERASE (CHI) and DIHYDROFLAVONOL-4-REDUCTASE (DFR) genes involved in the anthocyanin pathway. Interestingly, several transgenic lines show no detectable transcripts of the gene encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) in flowers, but accumulate higher levels of catechin in flowers of transgenic plants than those of wild-type plants. This finding suggests that the ANR gene may be capable of generating catechin via an alternative route, although this mechanism is yet to be further elucidated.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02964.x
发表时间：
2007-02
期刊：
The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Espley RV;Hellens RP;Putterill J;Stevenson DE;Kutty-Amma S;Allan AC
通讯作者：
Allan AC
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Pattanaik, Sitakanta;Kong, Que;Yuan, Ling
通讯作者：
Yuan, Ling
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Kofink, Michael;Papagiannopoulos, Menelaos;Galensa, Rudolf
通讯作者：
Galensa, Rudolf
影响因子：
8.8
作者：
Renard, Catherine M. G. C.;Le Quere, J-M;Baron, A.
通讯作者：
Baron, A.
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Soria-Guerra, Ruth Elena;Rosales-Mendoza, Sergio;Korban, Schuyler S.
通讯作者：
Korban, Schuyler S.