Popular Dietary Trends' Impact on Athletic Performance: A Critical Analysis Review.

Popular Dietary Trends' Impact on Athletic Performance: A Critical Analysis Review.
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DOI:
10.3390/nu15163511
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发表时间:
2023-08-09
期刊:
影响因子:
5.9
通讯作者:
Fredericson, Michael
Fredericson, Michael
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kaufman, Matthew;Nguyen, Chantal;Shetty, Maya;Oppezzo, Marily;Barrack, Michelle;Fredericson, Michael

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背景:营养为运动员提供最佳表现。随着研究的不断发展,各种各样的饮食,以及来自专业运动员的宣传,对饮食模式对运动表现影响的回顾是有必要的。结果:地中海饮食是一种低炎症性饮食,与提高力量、肌肉耐力和身体成分有关。生酮饮食限制碳水化合物和蛋白质的摄入。虽然这两种饮食都没有减轻体重的效果,但生酮饮食,一种更严格的低碳水化合物饮食形式,可能更难遵循。高蛋白和蛋白质节奏的低碳水化合物饮食也显示出对运动表现有益。植物性饮食有很多变化。纯素食者面临微量营养素缺乏和亮氨酸含量降低的风险,因此,肌肉蛋白质合成减少。然而,文献并没有显示与杂食动物相比,它们的表现会下降。间歇性禁食有很多不同的版本,可能不适合那些有合并症或特殊需求的人,也可能导致短跑速度下降,延长疲劳时间。结论:本文批判性地评估了饮食与运动表现的关系,并详细说明了一些应该监测的潜在风险。没有一种饮食对运动员是普遍推荐的;然而,这篇文章为运动员提供了分析信息,结合医学专业顾问,他们自己的饮食,并考虑可持续的改变,可以帮助实现成绩和身体习惯的目标。
Background: Nutrition fuels optimal performance for athletes. With increased research developments, numerous diets available, and publicity from professional athletes, a review of dietary patterns impact on athletic performance is warranted. Results: The Mediterranean diet is a low inflammatory diet linked to improved power and muscle endurance and body composition. Ketogenic diets are restrictive of carbohydrates and proteins. Though both show no decrements in weight loss, ketogenic diets, which is a more restrictive form of low-carbohydrate diets, can be more difficult to follow. High-protein and protein-paced versions of low-carbohydrate diets have also shown to benefit athletic performance. Plant-based diets have many variations. Vegans are at risk of micronutrient deficiencies and decreased leucine content, and therefore, decreased muscle protein synthesis. However, the literature has not shown decreases in performance compared to omnivores. Intermittent fasting has many different versions, which may not suit those with comorbidities or specific needs as well as lead to decreases in sprint speed and worsening time to exhaustion. Conclusions: This paper critically evaluates the research on diets in relation to athletic performance and details some of the potential risks that should be monitored. No one diet is universally recommend for athletes; however, this article provides the information for athletes to analyze, in conjunction with medical professional counsel, their own diet and consider sustainable changes that can help achieve performance and body habitus goals.
铁与女运动员:对改善铁状态和运动表现的饮食治疗方法的综述。
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