Versatility and stereotypy of free-tailed bat songs.
Versatility and stereotypy of free-tailed bat songs.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0006746
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发表时间：
2009-08-25
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Pollak GD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bohn KM;Schmidt-French B;Schwartz C;Smotherman M;Pollak GD
在哺乳动物中，复杂的歌曲并不常见，很少有研究探讨歌曲的组成或歌曲中元素的顺序，特别是关于区域和个体的变化。在这项研究中，我们将研究如何音节和短语的顺序和组合，即“语法”，的歌Tadarida巴西，巴西自由尾蝙蝠。具体来说，我们测试是否短语和歌曲组成不同的个人之间和两个地区之间，我们确定在个人内的演出的变异性，并测试短语是否随机排序和组合。我们报告三个主要发现。首先，两个地区的歌曲短语高度定型，以至于两个殖民地的一些歌曲几乎无法区分。所有的雄性都用相同的四种音节和三种短语来唱歌。其次，我们发现，虽然歌曲的结构在不同地区是相似的，但短语中的音节数量以及歌曲中短语的数量和顺序在个体内部和个体之间差异很大。最后，我们确定了短语顺序，虽然不同，偏离随机模型。我们发现广泛的短语顺序规则和某些高阶组合是非常受欢迎的。我们的结论是，自由尾蝙蝠的歌曲是由高度定型的短语层次组织的一套共同的句法规则。然而，在全球物种特有的模式，歌曲男性自由尾蝙蝠动态变化的音节数，短语顺序，和短语重复整个歌曲的再现。
In mammals, complex songs are uncommon and few studies have examined song composition or the order of elements in songs, particularly with respect to regional and individual variation. In this study we examine how syllables and phrases are ordered and combined, ie “syntax”, of the song of Tadarida brasiliensis, the Brazilian free-tailed bat. Specifically, we test whether phrase and song composition differ among individuals and between two regions, we determine variability across renditions within individuals, and test whether phrases are randomly ordered and combined. We report three major findings. First, song phrases were highly stereotyped across two regions, so much so that some songs from the two colonies were almost indistinguishable. All males produced songs with the same four types of syllables and the same three types of phrases. Second, we found that although song construction was similar across regions, the number of syllables within phrases, and the number and order of phrases in songs varied greatly within and among individuals. Last, we determined that phrase order, although diverse, deviated from random models. We found broad scale phrase-order rules and certain higher order combinations that were highly preferred. We conclude that free-tailed bat songs are composed of highly stereotyped phrases hierarchically organized by a common set of syntactical rules. However, within global species-specific patterns, songs male free-tailed bats dynamically vary syllable number, phrase order, and phrase repetitions across song renditions.
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2.1
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