Evaluation of widely consumed botanicals as immunological adjuvants.
Evaluation of widely consumed botanicals as immunological adjuvants.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.06.098
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发表时间：
2008-09-02
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Livingston P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ragupathi G;Yeung KS;Leung PC;Lee M;Lau CB;Vickers A;Hood C;Deng G;Cheung NK;Cassileth B;Livingston P
许多广泛使用的植物药物都声称是免疫增强剂。在大多数情况下，缺乏体内免疫反应增强的明确证据。为了选择基于免疫增强活性的进一步研究的植物药物，我们在这里研究它们与抗原混合并皮下注射(S.C.)。Globo H和GD3是许多癌症细胞表面糖脂或糖蛋白上表达的细胞表面碳水化合物。当与锁孔帽状血蓝蛋白(KLH)结合时，与免疫佐剂混合并皮下注射。针对Globo H、GD3和KLH的抗体反应的大小在很大程度上取决于佐剂的效力。我们在这里描述了使用该S.C.获得的结果。具有免疫刺激作用的7种植物免疫模型。用Globo H-KLH或GD3-KLH与植物免疫佐剂、生理盐水或阳性对照免疫佐剂S.C.混合免疫5-10只小鼠。3次，间隔1周。在第3次免疫后1周和2周检测抗体应答。测试了以下七种植物成分和组分：(1)H-48(Honso USA Co.)，(2)云芝原水提取物，(PSK)或纯化多糖肽(PSP)(中药研究所(ICM))，(3)Maitake提取物(Yukiguni Maitake Co.和Tradeworks Group)，(4)紫锥菊脂溶性、中性和酸性提取物(Gaia草本)，(5)黄芪水、50%或95%乙醇提取物(ICM)，(6)姜黄超临界(SC)或水乙醇(HE)提取物(新章节)或60%乙醇提取物(ICM)和(7)酵母β-葡聚糖(Biotec Pharmacon)。用纯化的皂苷提取物QS-21(抗原剂)和半合成皂苷GPI-0100(先进生物疗法)作为阳性对照佐剂。血清用抗合成Globo H神经酰胺或GD3和KLH的酶联免疫吸附试验进行分析。云芝提取物(尤其是云芝多糖)、黄芪95%乙醇提取物和酵母菌β-葡聚糖免疫小鼠后，观察到一致的显著佐剂活性，并在较小程度上接种了迈塔克。所有病例均可产生抗KLH型抗体，多数病例可产生抗Globo H抗体。H48或紫锥菊提取物或黄芪水提取物几乎没有或几乎没有佐剂活性。以GD3-KLH为免疫原的实验证实了云芝、酵母β-葡聚糖和黄芪提取物的佐剂活性。乙醇提取浓缩了黄芪中的有效成分，而对90%乙醇沉淀物和溶质活性相当的云芝没有影响。在我们的模型中，一些(但不是全部)声称是免疫兴奋剂的植物药物具有佐剂活性。PSK和黄芪的活性令人惊讶，正在进行进一步的分离，以确定最有效的佐剂成分。
Many widely used botanical medicines are claimed to be immune enhancers. Clear evidence of augmentation of immune responses in vivo is lacking in most cases. To select botanicals for further study based on immune enhancing activity, we study them here mixed with antigen and injected subcutaneously (s.c.). Globo H and GD3 are cell surface carbohydrates expressed on glycolipids or glycoproteins on the cell surface of many cancers. When conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), mixed with an immunological adjuvant and administered s.c. the magnitude of the antibody responses against globo H, GD3 and KLH depend largely on the potency of the adjuvant. We describe here the results obtained using this s.c. immunization model with 7 botanicals purported to have immune stimulant effects. Groups of 5–10 mice were immunized with globo H–KLH or GD3-KLH mixed with botanical, saline or positive control immunological adjuvant, s.c. 3 times at 1 week intervals. Antibody responses were measured 1 and 2 weeks after the 3rd immunization. The following seven botanicals and fractions were tested: (1) H-48 (Honso USA Co.), (2) Coriolus vesicolor raw water extract, purified polysaccharide-K (PSK) or purified polysaccharide-peptide (PSP) (Institute of Chinese Medicine (ICM)), (3) Maitake extract (Yukiguni Maitake Co Ltd. and Tradeworks Group), (4) Echinacea lipophilic, neutral and acidic extracts (Gaia Herbs), (5) Astragalus water, 50% or 95% ethanol extracts (ICM), (6) Turmeric supercritical (SC) or hydro-ethanolic (HE) extracts (New Chapter) or 60% ethanol extract (ICM) and (7) yeast β-glucan (Biotec Pharmacon). Purified saponin extract QS-21 (Antigenics) and semi-synthetic saponin GPI-0100 (Advanced BioTherapies) were used as positive control adjuvants. Sera were analyzed by ELISA against synthetic globo H ceramide or GD3 and KLH. Consistent significant adjuvant activity was observed after s.c vaccination with the Coriolus extracts (especially PSK), a 95% ethanol extract of astragalus and yeast β-glucan, and (to a lesser extent) Maitake. Antibodies against KLH in all cases and against globo H in most cases were induced by these botanicals. Little or no adjuvant activity was demonstrated with H48 or Echinacea extracts or the astragalus water extract. Experiments with GD3-KLH as immunogen confirmed the adjuvant activity of the Coriolus, yeast β-glucan and Astragalus extracts. While extraction with ethanol concentrated the active ingredients in astragalus, it had no impact on coriolus where the 90% ethanol precipitate and solute were equally active. Some, but not all, botanicals purported to be immune stimulants had adjuvant activity in our model. PSK and astragalus were surprisingly active and are being further fractionated to identify the most active adjuvant components.
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影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Yang, ZG;Sun, HX;Fang, WH
通讯作者：
Fang, WH
DOI：
10.1016/s0162-3109(99)00166-6
发表时间：
2000-02-01
期刊：
IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Matsumoto, T;Sakurai, MH;Yamada, H
通讯作者：
Yamada, H
DOI：
10.1016/s0162-3109(99)00013-2
发表时间：
1999-05-01
期刊：
IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Ross, GD;Vetvicka, V;Vetvicková, J
通讯作者：
Vetvicková, J
影响因子：
15
作者：
Kim, Yong-Jae;Wang, Pengfei;Gin, David Y.
通讯作者：
Gin, David Y.
影响因子：
5.6
作者：
Ohmura, Y;Matsunaga, K;Ando, T
通讯作者：
Ando, T