Defining Extreme Wildfire Events: Difficulties, Challenges, and Impacts
Defining Extreme Wildfire Events: Difficulties, Challenges, and Impacts
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定义极端野火事件：困难、挑战和影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Xanthopoulos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fantina Tedim;V. Leone;M. Amraoui;C. Bouillon;M. Coughlan;G. Delogu;P. Fernandes;Carmen Ferreira;Sarah McCaffrey;T. McGee;J. Parente;D. Paton;Mario Pereira;L. Ribeiro;D. Viegas;G. Xanthopoulos
世界范围内每年都会发生一些异常的野火，其扑灭能力不堪重负，造成重大损失，并常常导致人员死亡。鉴于野火发生的频率不断增加，人们对如何解决这些具有重大社会影响的野火存在争议，但在描述它们的术语上尚未达成一致。极端野火事件（EWE）概念的出现为此类事件带来了一些一致性。它越来越多地被使用，通常作为与高强度和规模野火相关的其他术语的同义词，但它的定义仍然难以捉摸。本文的目标是超越不同的学科视角，发展 EWE 作为一种社会生态现象的整体观点。基于文献综述并采用跨学科方法，本文提出了 EWE 的定义：过程和结果。考虑到缺乏一致的“重力尺度”来利用自然灾害（例如龙卷风、飓风和地震）等极端野火事件，我们提出了基于可测量的火势蔓延和行为参数以及抑制难度的七类野火分类提案。类别 5 至 7 标记为 EWE。
Every year worldwide some extraordinary wildfires occur, overwhelming suppression capabilities, causing substantial damages, and often resulting in fatalities. Given their increasing frequency, there is a debate about how to address these wildfires with significant social impacts, but there is no agreement upon terminology to describe them. The concept of extreme wildfire event (EWE) has emerged to bring some coherence on this kind of events. It is increasingly used, often as a synonym of other terms related to wildfires of high intensity and size, but its definition remains elusive. The goal of this paper is to go beyond drawing on distinct disciplinary perspectives to develop a holistic view of EWE as a social-ecological phenomenon. Based on literature review and using a transdisciplinary approach, this paper proposes a definition of EWE as a process and an outcome. Considering the lack of a consistent “scale of gravity” to leverage extreme wildfire events such as in natural hazards (e.g., tornados, hurricanes and earthquakes) we present a proposal of wildfire classification with seven categories based on measurable fire spread and behavior parameters and suppression difficulty. The categories 5 to 7 are labeled as EWE.
对身体健康的系统综述会影响非占领暴露于野火烟雾。
影响因子：
8.3
作者：
Liu, Jia C.;Pereira, Gavin;Uhl, Sarah A.;Bravo, Mercedes A.;Bell, Michelle L.
通讯作者：
Bell, Michelle L.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Ismail-Zadeh, A. T.;Cutter, S. L.;Paton, D.
通讯作者：
Paton, D.