A perspective on the isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles from different biofluids.
A perspective on the isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles from different biofluids.
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从不同生物流体中分离和鉴定细胞外囊泡的前景。
作者：
细胞外囊泡（EVs）是由健康细胞和病变细胞释放的小的膜结合颗粒，包括外泌体、微囊泡（MVs）和各种大小的囊泡。电动汽车还包括其他囊泡结构，如大的凋亡小体（1-5 μm），以及源自质膜的膜颗粒（50-80 nm）。然而，外泌体是纳米大小（≈30-100纳米）的细胞外囊泡，起源于内吞，由大多数类型的细胞脱落并在体液中循环。细胞外纳米囊泡含有多种生物分子，包括miRNA、RNA、DNA、蛋白质、信号肽和脂质，具有诊断和治疗价值。目前对细胞外纳米囊泡的科学兴趣范围很广，从了解它们的功能和途径到潜在的临床应用。ev可通过微创技术从不同体液（如尿液、血浆、血清）中获得，因此它们在疾病诊断中最有用。高的产率和纯度有助于各种疾病的准确诊断，但损坏的ev和杂质可能导致结果的误解。在过去的十年中，已经开发了大量的方法来使用光学和非光学工具来检查电动汽车。然而，EV分离方法的产率和纯度各不相同。此外，根据不同的实验情况，哪种隔离方法最适合最大限度地提高电动汽车的回收率。本文综述了从不同生物样品中分离和表征外泌体和微囊泡（mv）的微纳米技术的新兴应用，以及这些技术在不同病理状况监测和诊断中的应用。生物体液中不同类型EVs（如外泌体、微泡、凋亡小体、癌小体）的分离和检测方法。
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound particles, which include exosomes, micro vesicles (MVs) and various-sized vesicles, released by healthy and diseased cells. EVs also include other vesicular structures, such as large apoptotic bodies (1–5 μm), as well as membrane particles (50–80 nm) originating from the plasma membrane. However, exosomes are nanosize (≈30–100 nm) extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin that are bud-off by most types of cells and circulate in bodily fluids. Extracellular nanovesicles contain a large variety of biomolecules, including miRNA, RNA, DNA, proteins, signaling peptides and lipids, that can have diagnostic and therapeutic value. The spectrum of the existing scientific interest in extracellular nanovesicles is comprehensive, which ranges from understanding their functions and pathways to their potential clinical usage. EVs can be obtained from different body fluids with minimally invasive techniques (e.g., urine, plasma, serum), so they are most useful in disease diagnosis. High yield and purity contribute to the accurate diagnosis of various diseases, but damaged EVs and impurities can cause misinterpreted results. Over the last decade, a plethora of approaches have been developed for examining EVs using optical and non-optical tools. However, EV isolation methods have different yields and purities. Moreover, the isolation method that is most appropriate to maximize EVs recovery depends on the different experimental situations. This review explores the emerging use of micro and nano-technologies to isolate and characterize exosomes and microvesicles (MVs) from different biological samples, and the application of these technologies for the monitoring and diagnosis of different pathological conditions. Isolation and detection methods for the different types of EVs (e.g., exosomes, microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, oncosomes) from biofluids.
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影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Clancy, James W.;Sedgwick, Alanna;Rosse, Carine;Muralidharan-Chari, Vandhana;Raposo, Graca;Method, Michael;Chavrier, Philippe;D'Souza-Schorey, Crislyn
通讯作者：
D'Souza-Schorey, Crislyn
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Ghosh A;Davey M;Chute IC;Griffiths SG;Lewis S;Chacko S;Barnett D;Crapoulet N;Fournier S;Joy A;Caissie MC;Ferguson AD;Daigle M;Meli MV;Lewis SM;Ouellette RJ
通讯作者：
Ouellette RJ
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Deregibus MC;Figliolini F;D'Antico S;Manzini PM;Pasquino C;De Lena M;Tetta C;Brizzi MF;Camussi G
通讯作者：
Camussi G
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Benedikter BJ;Bouwman FG;Vajen T;Heinzmann ACA;Grauls G;Mariman EC;Wouters EFM;Savelkoul PH;Lopez-Iglesias C;Koenen RR;Rohde GGU;Stassen FRM
通讯作者：
Stassen FRM
影响因子：
6.1
作者：
Chen C;Skog J;Hsu CH;Lessard RT;Balaj L;Wurdinger T;Carter BS;Breakefield XO;Toner M;Irimia D
通讯作者：
Irimia D