The causal role of breakfast in energy balance and health: a randomized controlled trial in lean adults.
The causal role of breakfast in energy balance and health: a randomized controlled trial in lean adults.
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DOI：
10.3945/ajcn.114.083402
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发表时间：
2014-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Thompson D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Betts JA;Richardson JD;Chowdhury EA;Holman GD;Tsintzas K;Thompson D
背景资料：人们普遍认为早餐是一天中最重要的一餐，这是基于将早餐与健康联系起来的横截面观察，其因果关系仍有待在现实生活条件下探索。目的：目的是进行一项随机对照试验，研究自由生活的人类早餐习惯与能量平衡的所有组成部分之间的因果关系。设计图：Bath Breakfast项目是一项随机对照试验，在英格兰西南部的一个队列中进行了基线和随访时的重复测量，年龄为21-60岁，女性（n = 21）和男性（n = 12）的双能X线吸收法得出的脂肪质量指数≤11 kg/m2。在自由生活条件下测量能量平衡组分（静息代谢率、体力活动产热、能量摄入）和24小时血糖反应，随机分配至每日早餐（1100之前≥700 kcal）或延长禁食（0 kcal至1200）6周，并测量基线和随访健康标志物（例如，血液学/活检）。结果如下：与流行的观点相反，早餐没有代谢适应（例如，静息代谢率稳定在11 kcal/d以内），随后对食欲的抑制有限（能量摄入仍比禁食后高539 kcal/d; 95% CI：157，920 kcal/d）。相反，早餐时的体力活动产热显著高于空腹时（442 kcal/d; 95% CI：34，851 kcal/d）。基线或随访时，治疗组之间的体重和肥胖率没有差异，脂肪组织葡萄糖摄入或心血管健康的全身指数也没有差异。在干预的最后一周，下午和晚上空腹时连续测量的BMI比早餐时更易变（CV：3.9%; 95% CI：0.1%，7.8%）。结论：在偏瘦的成年人中，每日早餐与较高的身体活动产热有因果关系，总体膳食能量摄入量增加，但静息代谢没有变化。心血管健康指数不受任何一种治疗的影响，但早餐比空腹更能保持下午和晚上的稳定。本试验在www.isrctn.org上注册为ISRCTN 31521726。
Background: Popular beliefs that breakfast is the most important meal of the day are grounded in cross-sectional observations that link breakfast to health, the causal nature of which remains to be explored under real-life conditions. Objective: The aim was to conduct a randomized controlled trial examining causal links between breakfast habits and all components of energy balance in free-living humans. Design: The Bath Breakfast Project is a randomized controlled trial with repeated-measures at baseline and follow-up in a cohort in southwest England aged 21–60 y with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry–derived fat mass indexes ≤11 kg/m2 in women (n = 21) and ≤7.5 kg/m2 in men (n = 12). Components of energy balance (resting metabolic rate, physical activity thermogenesis, energy intake) and 24-h glycemic responses were measured under free-living conditions with random allocation to daily breakfast (≥700 kcal before 1100) or extended fasting (0 kcal until 1200) for 6 wk, with baseline and follow-up measures of health markers (eg, hematology/biopsies). Results: Contrary to popular belief, there was no metabolic adaptation to breakfast (eg, resting metabolic rate stable within 11 kcal/d), with limited subsequent suppression of appetite (energy intake remained 539 kcal/d greater than after fasting; 95% CI: 157, 920 kcal/d). Rather, physical activity thermogenesis was markedly higher with breakfast than with fasting (442 kcal/d; 95% CI: 34, 851 kcal/d). Body mass and adiposity did not differ between treatments at baseline or follow-up and neither did adipose tissue glucose uptake or systemic indexes of cardiovascular health. Continuously measured glycemia was more variable during the afternoon and evening with fasting than with breakfast by the final week of the intervention (CV: 3.9%; 95% CI: 0.1%, 7.8%). Conclusions: Daily breakfast is causally linked to higher physical activity thermogenesis in lean adults, with greater overall dietary energy intake but no change in resting metabolism. Cardiovascular health indexes were unaffected by either of the treatments, but breakfast maintained more stable afternoon and evening glycemia than did fasting. This trial was registered at www.isrctn.org as ISRCTN31521726.
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影响因子：
7.1
作者：
ARNOLD, LM;BALL, MJ;MANN, J
通讯作者：
MANN, J
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
DECASTRO, JM
通讯作者：
DECASTRO, JM
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Corder, Kirsten;Brage, Soren;Ekelund, Ulf
通讯作者：
Ekelund, Ulf
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Astbury, Nerys M.;Taylor, Moira A.;Macdonald, Ian A.
通讯作者：
Macdonald, Ian A.
影响因子：
7.1
作者：
SCHLUNDT, DG;HILL, JO;SHARP, T
通讯作者：
SHARP, T