Fabrication of Bacteria Environment Cubes with Dry Lift-Off Fabrication Process for Enhanced Nitrification.
Fabrication of Bacteria Environment Cubes with Dry Lift-Off Fabrication Process for Enhanced Nitrification.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0165839
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kameoka J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Samarasinghe SA;Shao Y;Huang PJ;Pishko M;Chu KH;Kameoka J
我们开发了一种3D干式提升法，以定位聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯(PEGDA)立方体中的多种硝化细菌，以增强硝化作用，这是一个两步生物过程，将铵转化为亚硝酸盐，然后转化为硝酸盐。氨氧化细菌(AOB)负责将氨转化为亚硝酸盐，亚硝酸盐氧化细菌(NOB)负责将亚硝酸盐转化为硝酸盐。成功的硝化作用往往很难完成，部分原因是AOB和NOB生长缓慢，对废水中的许多有机和无机化学物质非常敏感。最重要的是，在分散的细菌之间运输化学物质的效率极低，可能会出现问题。例如，氨氧化产生的亚硝酸盐对AOB是有毒的，可能导致硝化失败。为了应对这些挑战，我们将AOB和NOB紧密定位在PEGDA立方体中作为微环境模块，以促进协同作用。AOB首先定位在PEGDA立方体表面附近，使AOB能够有效地从液体介质中吸收氨并将其转化为亚硝酸盐。然后，生成的亚硝酸盐被有效地传输到位于PEGDA颗粒中心的NOB，并转化为无毒的硝酸盐。此外，纳米级的PEGDA纤维结构为这些菌株提供了保护环境，保护它们免受突然的有毒化学冲击，并在立方体中固定。这种设计的微环境立方体显著增强了硝化作用，并提高了单个AOB单元的整体氨氮去除速度。这种方法-将多个菌株近距离封装在立方体中以控制它们的相互作用-不仅为增强硝化作用提供了一种新的策略，而且还可以用于提高发酵产品和生物燃料的生产，因为微生物过程需要多个物种之间的协同反应。
We have developed a 3D dry lift-off process to localize multiple types of nitrifying bacteria in polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) cubes for enhanced nitrification, a two-step biological process that converts ammonium to nitrite and then to nitrate. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) is responsible for converting ammonia into nitrite, and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) is responsible for converting nitrite to nitrate. Successful nitrification is often challenging to accomplish, in part because AOB and NOB are slow growers and highly susceptible to many organic and inorganic chemicals in wastewater. Most importantly, the transportation of chemicals among scattered bacteria is extremely inefficient and can be problematic. For example, nitrite, produced from ammonia oxidation, is toxic to AOB and can lead to the failure of nitrification. To address these challenges, we closely localize AOB and NOB in PEGDA cubes as microenvironment modules to promote synergetic interactions. The AOB is first localized in the vicinity of the surface of the PEGDA cubes that enable AOB to efficiently uptake ammonia from a liquid medium and convert it into nitrite. The produced nitrite is then efficiently transported to the NOB localized at the center of the PEGDA particle and converted into non-toxic nitrate. Additionally, the nanoscale PEGDA fibrous structures offer a protective environment for these strains, defending them from sudden toxic chemical shocks and immobilize in cubes. This engineered microenvironment cube significantly enhances nitrification and improves the overall ammonia removal rate per single AOB cell. This approach—encapsulation of multiple strains at close range in cube in order to control their interactions—not only offers a new strategy for enhancing nitrification, but also can be adapted to improve the production of fermentation products and biofuel, because microbial processes require synergetic reactions among multiple species.
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