What factors might have led to the emergence of Ebola in West Africa?
What factors might have led to the emergence of Ebola in West Africa?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0003652
复制
发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Eubank S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alexander KA;Sanderson CE;Marathe M;Lewis BL;Rivers CM;Shaman J;Drake JM;Lofgren E;Dato VM;Eisenberg MC;Eubank S
2013年12月，西非爆发了规模空前的埃博拉疫情，目前在几内亚、塞拉利昂和利比里亚等国仍在继续。埃博拉病毒对非洲来说并不新鲜，早在1976年就已确认爆发。目前的西非埃博拉疫情是有史以来最大的一次，在持续时间、受影响人数和地理范围方面与以往的疫情有很大不同。这种致命疾病在西非的出现引发了许多问题，其中最重要的是：为什么是现在，为什么在西非？在这里，我们回顾了可能影响埃博拉在非洲这一地区出现及其在整个地区传播的社会学、生态学和环境驱动因素。遏制西非埃博拉疫情是最紧迫、最紧迫的需要。还需要全面评估埃博拉病毒出现和持续人际传播的驱动因素，以便使其他国家为这种疾病的输入或出现做好准备。这种评估包括确定国家一级的疫情检测和快速反应规程和机构间政策，提高对国家内部和国家之间文化和传统风险因素的认识，提供文化上根深蒂固的公共卫生教育，以及区域协调与合作，特别是与非洲各国政府和卫生部的协调与合作。非洲以外的国家也迫切需要开展公共卫生教育，以确保适当了解风险，公众的关切不会不必要地升级。为防止今后爆发疫情，应建立协调的多尺度预警系统，充分利用这些综合评估，与高风险地区的当地社区合作，并针对每个社区的需要提出明确的应对建议。
An Ebola outbreak of unprecedented scope emerged in West Africa in December 2013 and presently continues unabated in the countries of Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. Ebola is not new to Africa, and outbreaks have been confirmed as far back as 1976. The current West African Ebola outbreak is the largest ever recorded and differs dramatically from prior outbreaks in its duration, number of people affected, and geographic extent. The emergence of this deadly disease in West Africa invites many questions, foremost among these: why now, and why in West Africa? Here, we review the sociological, ecological, and environmental drivers that might have influenced the emergence of Ebola in this region of Africa and its spread throughout the region. Containment of the West African Ebola outbreak is the most pressing, immediate need. A comprehensive assessment of the drivers of Ebola emergence and sustained human-to-human transmission is also needed in order to prepare other countries for importation or emergence of this disease. Such assessment includes identification of country-level protocols and interagency policies for outbreak detection and rapid response, increased understanding of cultural and traditional risk factors within and between nations, delivery of culturally embedded public health education, and regional coordination and collaboration, particularly with governments and health ministries throughout Africa. Public health education is also urgently needed in countries outside of Africa in order to ensure that risk is properly understood and public concerns do not escalate unnecessarily. To prevent future outbreaks, coordinated, multiscale, early warning systems should be developed that make full use of these integrated assessments, partner with local communities in high-risk areas, and provide clearly defined response recommendations specific to the needs of each community.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
10.3
作者：
Alexander, Kathleen A.;McNutt, J. Weldon
通讯作者：
McNutt, J. Weldon
DOI：
10.1056/nejmoa1411100
发表时间：
2014-10-16
期刊：
The New England journal of medicine
影响因子：
--
作者：
WHO Ebola Response Team;Aylward B;Barboza P;Bawo L;Bertherat E;Bilivogui P;Blake I;Brennan R;Briand S;Chakauya JM;Chitala K;Conteh RM;Cori A;Croisier A;Dangou JM;Diallo B;Donnelly CA;Dye C;Eckmanns T;Ferguson NM;Formenty P;Fuhrer C;Fukuda K;Garske T;Gasasira A;Gbanyan S;Graaff P;Heleze E;Jambai A;Jombart T;Kasolo F;Kadiobo AM;Keita S;Kertesz D;Koné M;Lane C;Markoff J;Massaquoi M;Mills H;Mulba JM;Musa E;Myhre J;Nasidi A;Nilles E;Nouvellet P;Nshimirimana D;Nuttall I;Nyenswah T;Olu O;Pendergast S;Perea W;Polonsky J;Riley S;Ronveaux O;Sakoba K;Santhana Gopala Krishnan R;Senga M;Shuaib F;Van Kerkhove MD;Vaz R;Wijekoon Kannangarage N;Yoti Z
通讯作者：
Yoti Z
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0806490106
发表时间：
2009-01-20
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Anyamba, Assaf;Chretien, Jean-Paul;Linthicum, Kenneth J.
通讯作者：
Linthicum, Kenneth J.
影响因子：
158.5
作者：
Baize, Sylvain;Pannetier, Delphine;Guenther, Stephan
通讯作者：
Guenther, Stephan
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Bermejo, Magdalena;Rodriguez-Teijeiro, Jose Domingo;Walsh, Peter D.
通讯作者：
Walsh, Peter D.