Do all mammals dream?
Do all mammals dream?
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DOI：
10.1002/cne.24860
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发表时间：
2020-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Siegel JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Manger PR;Siegel JM
人类睡眠中存在梦，尤其是在快速眼动睡眠中，以及在哺乳动物中发现类似的生理状态，这让许多人思考动物是否经历了类似的睡眠心理。我们对睡眠阶段的解剖学和生理学相关性的理解，以及做梦的最新进展，使我们能够更好地理解非人类哺乳动物做梦的可能性。在这里，我们探索了哺乳动物在非快速眼动睡眠和快速眼动睡眠中做梦心理状态的潜力。如果我们采取强硬立场，认为梦的心理状态只发生在快速眼动睡眠期间，我们就可以得出结论，单孔目动物、鲸目动物和耳状海豹在海上不太可能经历梦的心理状态。其他物种的非典型快速眼动睡眠，如非洲象和阿拉伯大羚羊，可能会改变他们经历快速眼动梦心理状态的潜力。另一方面，有证据表明，梦的心理状态发生在非快速眼动睡眠和快速眼动睡眠期间，这表明所有哺乳动物都有可能经历梦的心理状态。这种非快速眼动睡眠的心理状态在非快速眼动睡眠不典型的物种中可能是不同的，例如水生哺乳动物（鲸类、海妖和海狮）的半球睡眠。在这两种情况下，鲸类动物是最不可能经历生动的梦心理状态的哺乳动物群体，因为它们的大脑半球在形态生理上是独立的。将揭示人类梦心理状态的技术应用于其他哺乳动物，特别是那些表现出不寻常睡眠状态的哺乳动物，可能会促进我们对梦和意识体验的神经基础的理解。
The presence of dreams in human sleep, especially in REM sleep, and the detection of physiologically similar states in mammals has led many to ponder whether animals experience similar sleep mentation. Recent advances in our understanding of the anatomical and physiological correlates of sleep stages, and thus dreaming, allow a better understanding of the possibility of dream mentation in nonhuman mammals. Here, we explore the potential for dream mentation, in both non-REM and REM sleep across mammals. If we take a hard-stance, that dream mentation only occurs during REM sleep, we conclude that it is unlikely that monotremes, cetaceans, and otariid seals while at sea, have the potential to experience dream mentation. Atypical REM sleep in other species, such as African elephants and Arabian oryx, may alter their potential to experience REM dream mentation. Alternatively, evidence that dream mentation occurs during both non-REM and REM sleep, indicates that all mammals have the potential to experience dream mentation. This non-REM dream mentation may be different in the species where non-REM is atypical, such as during unihemispheric sleep in aquatic mammals (cetaceans, sirens, and Otariid seals). In both scenarios, the cetaceans are the least likely mammalian group to experience vivid dream mentation due to the morphophysiological independence of their cerebral hemispheres. The application of techniques revealing dream mentation in humans to other mammals, specifically those that exhibit unusual sleep states, may lead to advances in our understanding of the neural underpinnings of dreams and conscious experiences.
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