Transgenic rhesus monkeys carrying the human MCPH1 gene copies show human-like neoteny of brain development.

Transgenic rhesus monkeys carrying the human MCPH1 gene copies show human-like neoteny of brain development.
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携带人类 MCPH1 基因拷贝的转基因恒河猴表现出类似人类的大脑发育幼态持续状态

DOI:
10.1093/nsr/nwz043
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发表时间:
2019-05
影响因子:
20.6
通讯作者:
Su B
Su B
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shi L;Luo X;Jiang J;Chen Y;Liu C;Hu T;Li M;Lin Q;Li Y;Huang J;Wang H;Niu Y;Shi Y;Styner M;Wang J;Lu Y;Sun X;Yu H;Ji W;Su B

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摘要大脑的大小和认知能力是人类进化过程中最显著的特征,然而这些人类特有的变化背后的遗传机制仍然难以捉摸。在这里,我们成功地产生了11个转基因恒河猴(8个第一代和3个第二代)携带人类拷贝的MCPH1,大脑发育和大脑进化的重要基因。脑图像和组织切片分析表明,神经细胞分化的模式发生了改变,导致转基因猴子的神经元成熟和神经纤维髓鞘形成延迟,类似于人类发育延迟(幼态持续)的已知进化变化。对主要发育阶段的进一步脑转录组和组织切片分析显示,神经元分化和突触信号基因的表达明显延迟,为观察到的转基因猴脑发育延迟提供了分子解释。更重要的是,与野生型对照相比,转基因猴子在延迟匹配样本任务中表现出更好的短期记忆和更短的反应时间。所提供的数据代表了第一次尝试使用转基因猴模型来实验性地询问人脑起源的遗传基础,并且它重视在理解独特的人类特征中使用非人灵长类动物。
Abstract Brain size and cognitive skills are the most dramatically changed traits in humans during evolution and yet the genetic mechanisms underlying these human-specific changes remain elusive. Here, we successfully generated 11 transgenic rhesus monkeys (8 first-generation and 3 second-generation) carrying human copies of MCPH1, an important gene for brain development and brain evolution. Brain-image and tissue-section analyses indicated an altered pattern of neural-cell differentiation, resulting in a delayed neuronal maturation and neural-fiber myelination of the transgenic monkeys, similar to the known evolutionary change of developmental delay (neoteny) in humans. Further brain-transcriptome and tissue-section analyses of major developmental stages showed a marked human-like expression delay of neuron differentiation and synaptic-signaling genes, providing a molecular explanation for the observed brain-developmental delay of the transgenic monkeys. More importantly, the transgenic monkeys exhibited better short-term memory and shorter reaction time compared with the wild-type controls in the delayed-matching-to-sample task. The presented data represent the first attempt to experimentally interrogate the genetic basis of human brain origin using a transgenic monkey model and it values the use of non-human primates in understanding unique human traits.
使用 TALEN 编辑的 MECP2 突变猴对 Rett 综合征进行建模。
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.04.035
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发表时间: 2016-09-01
影响因子: 25
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DOI: 10.1038/ng1590
发表时间: 2005-07-01
期刊: NATURE GENETICS
影响因子: 30.8
作者:
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DOI: 10.1126/science.173.3997.652
发表时间: 1971-01-01
期刊: SCIENCE
影响因子: 56.9
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通讯作者: ALEXANDER, GE