The stability flexibility tradeoff and the dark side of detail.
The stability flexibility tradeoff and the dark side of detail.
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稳定性的灵活性权衡和细节的阴暗面。
DOI：
10.3758/s13415-020-00848-8
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发表时间：
2021-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Troiani V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nassar MR;Troiani V
在动态环境中学习需要在稳定的波动上进行整合，以最大限度地减少噪声的影响（稳定性），但在面对根本性变化时快速响应（灵活性）。实现其中一个目标通常需要在某种程度上牺牲另一个目标，从而产生稳定性-灵活性权衡。个人以不同的方式处理这种权衡，有些人学习迅速（强调灵活性），而另一些人则更依赖历史信息（强调稳定性）。尽管这种个体差异在学习任务中很突出，但它们与现实世界行为或病理学的更广泛特征的关系程度尚未得到很好的探讨。在这里，我们将学习行为的个体差异与被认为可以共同捕捉自闭症谱系特征的自我报告指标联系起来。我们发现，学习速度最慢的年轻人倾向于将更有效的样本整合到他们对世界的信念中，使他们对噪音更具鲁棒性（更稳定），但更有可能整合来自以前环境的信息（灵活性较低）。我们发现，个人谁报告更注重细节往往使用高灵活性和低稳定性的信息处理策略。我们证明了这种关注细节和形成稳定的信念之间的反比关系的鲁棒性在一个异质性的儿童群体，其中包括一个高比例的自闭症诊断。总之，我们的研究结果强调，对细节的关注反映了一种信息处理政策，这种政策有一个很大的缺点，即整合数据以克服环境噪音的能力。
Learning in dynamic environments requires integrating over stable fluctuations to minimize the impact of noise (stability) but rapidly responding in the face of fundamental changes (flexibility). Achieving one of these goals often requires sacrificing the other to some degree, producing a stability-flexibility tradeoff. Individuals navigate this tradeoff in different ways, with some people learning rapidly (emphasizing flexibility) and others relying more heavily on historical information (emphasizing stability). Despite the prominence of such individual differences in learning tasks, the degree to which they relate to broader characteristics of real-world behavior or pathologies has not been well explored. Here we relate individual differences in learning behavior to self-report measures thought to collectively capture characteristics of the Autism spectrum. We show that young adults who learn most slowly tend to integrate more effective samples into their beliefs about the world making them more robust to noise (more stability), but are more likely to integrate information from previous contexts (less flexibility). We show that individuals who report paying more attention to detail tend to use high flexibility and low stability information processing strategies. We demonstrate the robustness of this inverse relationship between attention to detail and formation of stable beliefs in a heterogeneous population of children that includes a high proportion of Autism diagnoses. Together, our results highlight that attention to detail reflects an information processing policy that comes with a substantial downside, namely the ability to integrate data to overcome environmental noise.
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