Children on the autism spectrum update their behaviour in response to a volatile environment.
Children on the autism spectrum update their behaviour in response to a volatile environment.
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DOI：
10.1111/desc.12435
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发表时间：
2017-09
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Pellicano E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Manning C;Kilner J;Neil L;Karaminis T;Pellicano E
典型的成年人可以在试验中跟踪奖励概率，以估计环境的波动性，并使用这些信息来修改他们的学习率（Behrens等人，2007年）。在稳定的环境中，考虑许多试验的结果是有利的，而在动荡的环境中，最近的经验应该比遥远的经验更重要。最近的预测编码帐户自闭症提出，自闭症患者将展示非典型的更新他们的行为，以响应奖励环境的统计数据。为了严格检验这一假设，我们管理一个发展适当的版本贝伦斯等人。（2007）对34名6 - 14岁的自闭症谱系中有认知能力的儿童、32名年龄和能力匹配的典型发育儿童和19名典型成人进行了研究。参与者被要求在绿色和蓝色海盗宝箱之间进行选择，每一个宝箱都与0到100分之间随机确定的奖励值相关联，总积分为100分。在每次试验中，只对一种刺激给予奖励。在稳定的条件下，蓝色或绿色反应被奖励的比例固定在75：25。在挥发性条件下，每20次试验的比例在80：20和20：80之间交替。我们通过拟合delta规则模型估计了每个参与者的学习率，并比较了不同条件和组的学习率。与稳定条件相比，所有组在波动条件下的学习率都有所增加。出乎意料的是，没有组的影响，组和条件之间没有相互作用。因此，自闭症儿童使用奖励环境的统计信息来指导他们的决定，其程度与典型发育中的儿童和成人相似。这些结果有助于限制自闭症的预测编码帐户，证明自闭症的特点是预测误差的权重不一致的差异。
Typical adults can track reward probabilities across trials to estimate the volatility of the environment and use this information to modify their learning rate (Behrens et al., 2007). In a stable environment, it is advantageous to take account of outcomes over many trials, whereas in a volatile environment, recent experience should be more strongly weighted than distant experience. Recent predictive coding accounts of autism propose that autistic individuals will demonstrate atypical updating of their behaviour in response to the statistics of the reward environment. To rigorously test this hypothesis, we administered a developmentally appropriate version of Behrens et al.'s (2007) task to 34 cognitively able children on the autism spectrum aged between 6 and 14 years, 32 age‐ and ability‐matched typically developing children and 19 typical adults. Participants were required to choose between a green and a blue pirate chest, each associated with a randomly determined reward value between 0 and 100 points, with a combined total of 100 points. On each trial, the reward was given for one stimulus only. In the stable condition, the ratio of the blue or green response being rewarded was fixed at 75:25. In the volatile condition, the ratio alternated between 80:20 and 20:80 every 20 trials. We estimated the learning rate for each participant by fitting a delta rule model and compared this rate across conditions and groups. All groups increased their learning rate in the volatile condition compared to the stable condition. Unexpectedly, there was no effect of group and no interaction between group and condition. Thus, autistic children used information about the statistics of the reward environment to guide their decisions to a similar extent as typically developing children and adults. These results help constrain predictive coding accounts of autism by demonstrating that autism is not characterized by uniform differences in the weighting of prediction error.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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