Biomimetic systems for hydroxyapatite mineralization inspired by bone and enamel.
Biomimetic systems for hydroxyapatite mineralization inspired by bone and enamel.
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DOI：
10.1021/cr8004422
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发表时间：
2008-11
期刊：
影响因子：
62.1
通讯作者：
Stupp, Samuel I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Palmer, Liam C.;Newcomb, Christina J.;Kaltz, Stuart R.;Spoerke, Erik D.;Stupp, Samuel I.
生物矿化的研究不仅对于了解体内富含矿物质的组织是如何产生的很重要，而且还因为它是先进材料设计的重要灵感来源。 1-7 矿化组织具有显着的层次结构，这些结构随着时间的推移而进化，以在多种生物体中实现巨大的功能。有机相在矿化组织结构模板化中发挥着关键作用；因此，它们的基质通常是混合的，有机和无机物质的相对含量差异很大。了解生物学在不同尺度的矿化基质中实现的硬相和软相的复杂整合及其与特性的联系对于材料化学来说是具有巨大价值的知识。与此同时，生物学用来制造矿化基质的合成机制也可以提供一些有用的策略来制造合成杂化材料。通常，大自然用来改变矿化结构机械性能的有机材料的量微乎其微。一个例子是包涵蛋白在生物方解石韧性中的作用。 8 在生物矿化和仿生背景下对哺乳动物骨骼和牙齿的研究特别有趣，因为所获得的信息可能对修复或再生人类矿化组织的治疗和策略产生重大的生物医学影响。鉴于人类平均寿命的不断延长，这是一个重要的领域。感兴趣的材料可能是高度复杂的生物活性支架，可以再生骨骼，也可能再生牙齿组织。本综述重点关注合成系统中羟基磷灰石 (HA) 的形成，该合成系统主要是在骨或牙釉质矿化的仿生背景下设计的，用于修复人体组织的治疗方法。骨骼和牙釉质具有相同的矿物成分 HA，但具有不同的形态和有机含量。牙釉质的成分几乎完全是无机的，而骨骼则具有相对较高的无机成分。
The study of biomineralization is not only important to gain an understanding of how mineral-rich tissues are created in vivo but also because it is a great source of inspiration for the design of advanced materials. 1-7 Mineralized tissues have remarkable hierarchical structures that have evolved over time to achieve great functions in a large variety of organisms. Organic phases play a key role in templating the structure of mineralized tissues; therefore, their matrices are often hybrid in composition, varying widely in the relative content of organic and inorganic substances. Understanding the complex integration of hard and soft phases that biology achieves in mineralized matrices across scales and its link to properties is knowledge of great value to materials chemistry. At the same time, the synthetic mechanisms used by biology to create mineralized matrices could also offer some useful strategies to create synthetic hybrid materials. Often, the amount of organic material utilized by Nature to modify mechanical properties of mineralized structures is vanishingly small. One example is the role of occluded proteins in the toughness of biogenic calcite. 8 The study of mammalian bone and teeth in the biomineralization and biomimetic context is particularly interesting since the information derived could contribute a significant biomedical impact on therapies and strategies to repair or regenerate human mineralized tissues. This is an important area given the continually rising average life span of humans. The materials of interest could be highly sophisticated bioactive scaffolds to regenerate bone and possibly dental tissues as well. This review focuses on the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) in synthetic systems designed primarily in the biomimetic context of bone or enamel mineralization for therapeutic approaches in repair of human tissues. Bone and enamel share the same mineral composition, HA, but have different morphologies and organic content. Enamel is almost entirely inorganic in composition, and bone has a relatively
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