The dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity with changes in aerosol microenvironment.
The dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity with changes in aerosol microenvironment.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2200109119
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发表时间：
2022-07-05
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
气溶胶微环境是动态的，当在呼吸气溶胶中呼出时，将病原体（例如严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2）暴露于溶质浓度、pH和蒸发冷却的极端条件。然而，在这种环境中生存是这类病原体传播的关键一步。了解空气传播对病原体的影响以及环境条件对病原体生存的影响，可以为实施减轻2019年冠状病毒病等疾病传播的战略提供信息。我们报告的空气中的病毒的感染性的变化，从5秒到20分钟的时间尺度，并证明了两个微物理过程中的作用，这种感染性的损失，即，颗粒结晶和气溶胶液滴pH值的变化。了解影响气溶胶中严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）等病毒在空气中存活的因素，对于确定传播途径和各种预防传播缓解策略的价值非常重要。我们提出了SARS-CoV-2在气溶胶液滴（平衡半径为0.55至10 μm）中的稳定性测量，时间跨度为5秒至20分钟，使用仪器探测含有SARS-CoV-1病毒/液滴的小液滴群体（通常为5至10个）中的存活率。空气传播的传染性变化的测量加上一个详细的物理化学分析的空气中含有病毒的飞沫。SARS-CoV-2在20分钟内可观察到感染性下降至初始值的10%左右，大部分损失发生在雾化后的前5分钟内。发现感染性丧失的初始速率与平衡液滴的物理转化相关;液滴内的盐在相对湿度（RH）低于50%时结晶，导致50%至60%的病毒几乎立即丧失感染性。然而，在90%RH下，液滴保持均匀和含水，病毒稳定性持续了前2分钟，超过此时间，10分钟后病毒衰减至仅剩余10%的感染性。高RH下感染性的丧失与液滴pH值升高一致，这是由液滴内碳酸氢盐缓冲液中CO2的挥发引起的。对SARS-CoV-2的四种不同变体进行了比较，发现它们在高和低RH下具有相似程度的空中稳定性。
The aerosol microenvironment is dynamic, exposing pathogens, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus, when exhaled in respiratory aerosol to extreme conditions of solute concentration, pH, and evaporative cooling. Yet surviving this environment is a key step in the transmission of such pathogens. Understanding the impact that airborne transport has on pathogens and the influence of environmental conditions on pathogen survival can inform the implementation of strategies to mitigate the spread of diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019. We report changes in the infectivity of the airborne virus over timescales from 5 s to 20 min and demonstrate the role of two microphysical processes in this infectivity loss, namely, particle crystallization and aerosol droplet pH change. Understanding the factors that influence the airborne survival of viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in aerosols is important for identifying routes of transmission and the value of various mitigation strategies for preventing transmission. We present measurements of the stability of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosol droplets (∼5 to 10 µm equilibrated radius) over timescales spanning 5 s to 20 min using an instrument to probe survival in a small population of droplets (typically 5 to 10) containing ∼1 virus/droplet. Measurements of airborne infectivity change are coupled with a detailed physicochemical analysis of the airborne droplets containing the virus. A decrease in infectivity to ∼10% of the starting value was observable for SARS-CoV-2 over 20 min, with a large proportion of the loss occurring within the first 5 min after aerosolization. The initial rate of infectivity loss was found to correlate with physical transformation of the equilibrating droplet; salts within the droplets crystallize at relative humidities (RHs) below 50%, leading to a near-instant loss of infectivity in 50 to 60% of the virus. However, at 90% RH, the droplet remains homogenous and aqueous, and the viral stability is sustained for the first 2 min, beyond which it decays to only 10% remaining infectious after 10 min. The loss of infectivity at high RH is consistent with an elevation in the pH of the droplets, caused by volatilization of CO2 from bicarbonate buffer within the droplet. Four different variants of SARS-CoV-2 were compared and found to have a similar degree of airborne stability at both high and low RH.
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DOI：
10.1126/science.abd3072
发表时间：
2020-11-13
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Daly JL;Simonetti B;Klein K;Chen KE;Williamson MK;Antón-Plágaro C;Shoemark DK;Simón-Gracia L;Bauer M;Hollandi R;Greber UF;Horvath P;Sessions RB;Helenius A;Hiscox JA;Teesalu T;Matthews DA;Davidson AD;Collins BM;Cullen PJ;Yamauchi Y
通讯作者：
Yamauchi Y
DOI：
10.1093/cid/ciab797
发表时间：
2022-08-24
期刊：
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
影响因子：
--
作者：
Adenaiye OO;Lai J;Bueno de Mesquita PJ;Hong F;Youssefi S;German J;Tai SHS;Albert B;Schanz M;Weston S;Hang J;Fung C;Chung HK;Coleman KK;Sapoval N;Treangen T;Berry IM;Mullins K;Frieman M;Ma T;Milton DK
通讯作者：
Milton DK
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2015482118
发表时间：
2021-02-23
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Azimi P;Keshavarz Z;Cedeno Laurent JG;Stephens B;Allen JG
通讯作者：
Allen JG
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Darnell ME;Subbarao K;Feinstone SM;Taylor DR
通讯作者：
Taylor DR
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Archer, Justice;Walker, Jim S.;Reid, Jonathon P.
通讯作者：
Reid, Jonathon P.