"A gene for...": the nature of gene action in psychiatric disorders.
"A gene for...": the nature of gene action in psychiatric disorders.
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“……的基因”：精神疾病中基因作用的本质。
DOI：
10.1176/foc.4.3.391
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Kendler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Kendler
新的“基因谈话”中的一个中心短语是“X是Y的基因”，其中X是人类基因组上的一个特定基因，Y是一种复杂的人类疾病或特征。本文首先概述了这一短语的历史起源和基因-表型关系的概念，然后提出了五个标准来评估“X是Y的基因”概念的适当性：1）关联强度，2）关系特异性，3）效应非偶然性，4）X与Y的因果接近性，（5）X在多大程度上是Y的适当解释水平。精神遗传学的证据，然后审查，解决每个这些标准。“基因”的概念...“最好理解为源自预形成论的发展理论，在该理论中，类似基因的预形成原基--以简单、直接和有力的方式”编码”性状。然而，遗传对精神疾病的贡献不符合“X是Y的基因”这一概念的五个标准中的任何一个。“个体基因对精神疾病风险的影响很小，通常是非特异性的，并且嵌入在复杂的因果途径中。“基因”这个词...“以及作为其基础的基因作用的预形成主义概念不适合精神疾病。
A central phrase in the new "GeneTalk" is "X is a gene for Y," in which X is a particular gene on the human genome and Y is a complex human disorder or trait. This article begins by sketching the historical origins of this phrase and the concept of the gene-phenotype relationship that underlies it. Five criteria are then proposed to evaluate the appropriateness of the "X is a gene for Y" concept: 1) strength of association, 2) specificity of relationship, 3) noncontingency of effect, 4) causal proximity of X to Y, and 5) the degree to which X is the appropriate level of explanation for Y. Evidence from psychiatric genetics is then reviewed that address each of these criteria. The concept of "a gene for..." is best understood as deriving from preformationist developmental theory in which genes-like preformationist anlagen-"code for" traits in a simple, direct, and powerful way. However, the genetic contribution to psychiatric disorders fails to meet any of the five criteria for the concept of "X is a gene for Y." The impact of individual genes on risk for psychiatric illness is small, often nonspecific, and embedded in complex causal pathways. The phrase "a gene for..." and the preformationist concept of gene action that underlies it are inappropriate for psychiatric disorders.
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影响因子：
--
作者：
Kendler,KS;Heath,AC;Martin,NG;Eaves,LJ
通讯作者：
Eaves,LJ
影响因子：
--
作者：
R. Cadoret;W. Yates;E. Troughton;G. Woodworth;M. Stewart
通讯作者：
R. Cadoret;W. Yates;E. Troughton;G. Woodworth;M. Stewart
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kendler, KS;Prescott, CA;Neale, MC
通讯作者：
Neale, MC
影响因子：
--
作者：
Slutske, WS;Eisen, S;Tsuang, M
通讯作者：
Tsuang, M
影响因子：
17.7
作者：
Kendler, KS;Jacobson, KC;Neale, MC
通讯作者：
Neale, MC