Critical gaps in nanoplastics research and their connection to risk assessment.
Critical gaps in nanoplastics research and their connection to risk assessment.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/ftox.2023.1154538
复制
发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Harper, Stacey L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cunningham, Brittany E.;Sharpe, Emma E.;Brander, Susanne M.;Landis, Wayne G.;Harper, Stacey L.
有关我们饮用的水和呼吸的空气中塑料含量比以前想象的要高的报告引起了人们的极大兴趣和关注。塑料在世界上几乎每一个环境中都有记录，估计有数万亿微塑料碎片。然而，这很可能是对整个塑料污染的低估。一旦微塑料（<5 mm）在环境中分解，它们名义上进入纳米级（<1，000 nm），肉眼甚至使用典型的实验室显微镜都无法看到它们。到目前为止，研究主要集中在宏观（>25毫米）和微观尺寸范围内的塑料，这些塑料更容易检测和识别，在我们对纳米塑料碎片的理解中留下了很大的知识空白。我们询问和回答与这些颗粒的运输、归宿和潜在毒性有关的问题的能力受到当前技术的检测和识别限制的不利影响。此外，实验室暴露基本上限于对市售纳米塑料的研究;即，聚苯乙烯球，不能充分反映环境塑料碎片的组成。虽然近年来发表了大量以塑料为重点的研究，但这些研究的模式并没有回答一些关键因素，这些因素对于计算考虑最小塑料颗粒的风险至关重要;即来源，归宿和运输，暴露措施，毒性和影响。这些数据对于为监管决策提供信息和实施适应性管理战略以减轻对人类健康和环境的风险至关重要。本文回顾了纳米塑料研究的当前科学水平，强调了需要数据来建立考虑塑料污染的强大风险评估的领域。在没有纳米塑料特定数据的情况下，指出了建议的替代品。
Reports of plastics, at higher levels than previously thought, in the water that we drink and the air that we breathe, are generating considerable interest and concern. Plastics have been recorded in almost every environment in the world with estimates on the order of trillions of microplastic pieces. Yet, this may very well be an underestimate of plastic pollution as a whole. Once microplastics (<5 mm) break down in the environment, they nominally enter the nanoscale (<1,000 nm), where they cannot be seen by the naked eye or even with the use of a typical laboratory microscope. Thus far, research has focused on plastics in the macro- (>25 mm) and micro-size ranges, which are easier to detect and identify, leaving large knowledge gaps in our understanding of nanoplastic debris. Our ability to ask and answer questions relating to the transport, fate, and potential toxicity of these particles is disadvantaged by the detection and identification limits of current technology. Furthermore, laboratory exposures have been substantially constrained to the study of commercially available nanoplastics; i.e., polystyrene spheres, which do not adequately reflect the composition of environmental plastic debris. While a great deal of plastic-focused research has been published in recent years, the pattern of the work does not answer a number of key factors vital to calculating risk that takes into account the smallest plastic particles; namely, sources, fate and transport, exposure measures, toxicity and effects. These data are critical to inform regulatory decision making and to implement adaptive management strategies that mitigate risk to human health and the environment. This paper reviews the current state-of-the-science on nanoplastic research, highlighting areas where data are needed to establish robust risk assessments that take into account plastics pollution. Where nanoplastic-specific data are not available, suggested substitutions are indicated.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
CARPENTER, EJ;SMITH, KL
通讯作者：
SMITH, KL
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Adam, Veronique;von Wyl, Alex;Nowack, Bernd
通讯作者：
Nowack, Bernd
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2008.0205
发表时间：
2009-07-27
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Barnes, David K. A.;Galgani, Francois;Barlaz, Morton
通讯作者：
Barlaz, Morton
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Ashton, Karen;Holmes, Luke;Turner, Andrew
通讯作者：
Turner, Andrew
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Brandts, I;Teles, M.;Oliveira, M.
通讯作者：
Oliveira, M.