Physiological and behavioral responses to anthropogenic stressors in a human-tolerant mammal
Physiological and behavioral responses to anthropogenic stressors in a human-tolerant mammal
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人类耐受哺乳动物对人为应激源的生理和行为反应
DOI：
10.1093/jmammal/gyz134
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Smith, Jennifer E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hammond, Talisin T;Vo, Minnie;Burton, Clara T;Surber, Lisa L;Lacey, Eileen A;Smith, Jennifer E
随着人类不断改变自然栖息地，许多野生动物正面临着一系列新的环境刺激。这些变化，包括增加人类与野生动物的相互作用，可能会对野生动物产生亚致命的影响，如压力生理和行为的改变。加州地松鼠（Otospermophilus beecheyi）出现在人类改造以及更原始的环境，在那里他们面临着各种人为和自然发生的威胁。这使得该物种成为研究各种挑战对自由生活的哺乳动物的生理和行为的影响的有价值的模型。探讨生境改造对O. beecheyi，我们比较了体重，行为和粪便糖皮质激素代谢物（FGM）水平的自由生活的松鼠在人类干扰与不受干扰的栖息地。在这些分析之前，我们通过暴露captiveO来验证FGM在该物种中的使用。beecheyito药理学和处理挑战;两种挑战均导致研究动物中FGM显著增加。虽然女性生殖器切割的反应是可重复的圈养的个人，自由生活的动物的反应更多变，也许反映了更大范围的生活史特征和环境条件内的自然种群的松鼠。与我们更原始的研究地点相比，来自我们人类干扰研究地点的动物具有显著更高的FGM，显著更低的体重，并且对人类的行为反应显著更少。因此，尽管频繁暴露的加州地松鼠人类的影响，人为的压力似乎影响应激生理和其他表型性状在这个物种。这些研究结果表明，即使是人类容忍的哺乳动物物种可能会经历重要的亚致死的后果，由于人类的自然栖息地的修改。
As humans continue to alter natural habitats, many wild animals are facing novel suites of environmental stimuli. These changes, including increased human–wildlife interactions, may exert sublethal impacts on wildlife such as alterations in stress physiology and behavior. California ground squirrels (Otospermophilus beecheyi) occur in human-modified as well as more pristine environments, where they face a variety of anthropogenic and naturally occurring threats. This makes this species a valuable model for examining the effects of diverse challenges on the physiology and behavior of free-living mammals. To explore potential sublethal effects of habitat modification onO. beecheyi, we compared body masses, behaviors, and fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) levels for free-living squirrels in human-disturbed versus undisturbed habitats. Prior to these analyses, we validated the use of FGMs in this species by exposing captiveO. beecheyito pharmacological and handling challenges; both challenges produced significant increases in FGMs in the study animals. While FGM responses were repeatable within captive individuals, responses by free-living animals were more variable, perhaps reflecting a greater range of life-history traits and environmental conditions within natural populations of squirrels. Animals from our human-disturbed study site had significantly higher FGMs, significantly lower body masses, and were significantly less behaviorally reactive to humans than those from our more pristine study site. Thus, despite frequent exposure of California ground squirrels to human impacts, anthropogenic stressors appear to influence stress physiology and other phenotypic traits in this species. These findings suggest that even human-tolerant mammalian species may experience important sublethal consequences due to human modifications of natural habitats.
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作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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期刊：
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