Imaginal disc growth factor maintains cuticle structure and controls melanization in the spot pattern formation of Bombyx mori.
Imaginal disc growth factor maintains cuticle structure and controls melanization in the spot pattern formation of Bombyx mori.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pgen.1008980
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发表时间：
2020-09
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Wang HB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gao Y;Liu YC;Jia SZ;Liang YT;Tang Y;Xu YS;Kawasaki H;Wang HB
昆虫复杂的条纹和图案在行为和生态中起着关键作用。然而，色素形成和形态分化背后的精细调控机制在很大程度上仍不清楚。在这里，我们证明了成虫盘生长因子（IDGF）维持角质层结构和控制黑化斑图案形成的桑。此外，我们的敲除实验表明，IDGF被建议影响蜕皮激素诱导的转录因子E75 A和多效性因子apt-like和Toll 8/spz 3的表达水平，以进一步控制黑色素代谢。此外，非靶向代谢组学分析显示，BmIDGF显著影响苯丙氨酸、β-丙氨酸、嘌呤和酪氨酸代谢途径中涉及的关键代谢物。我们的研究结果不仅强调了IDGF对维持正常角质层结构的普遍功能，而且还强调了影响黑色素形成的基因功能中的一个未被探索的空间。因此，本研究进一步加深了我们对昆虫色素代谢和黑色素模式多态性的理解。动物身上各种各样的条纹图案通常用于警告或伪装。然而，不同的条纹图案形成的实际机制在很大程度上仍然未知。本研究提供了直接的证据表明，成虫盘生长因子（IDGF）维持角质层结构和控制黑化的斑点图案的形成。我们详尽的基因敲除实验表明，BmIDGF参与了家蚕的黑色素沉着。我们证明IDGF影响20 E诱导的转录因子E75 A和多效性因子apt-like和Toll 8/spz 3的表达水平，以进一步影响黑色素代谢。此外，BmIDGF基因缺失的代谢组将代谢与基因功能联系起来。因此，本研究不仅阐明了IDGF的独特功能，而且阐明了斑点图案形成的分子机制。
The complex stripes and patterns of insects play key roles in behavior and ecology. However, the fine-scale regulation mechanisms underlying pigment formation and morphological divergence remain largely unelucidated. Here we demonstrated that imaginal disc growth factor (IDGF) maintains cuticle structure and controls melanization in spot pattern formation of Bombyx mori. Moreover, our knockout experiments showed that IDGF is suggested to impact the expression levels of the ecdysone inducible transcription factor E75A and pleiotropic factors apt-like and Toll8/spz3, to further control the melanin metabolism. Furthermore, the untargeted metabolomics analyses revealed that BmIDGF significantly affected critical metabolites involved in phenylalanine, beta-alanine, purine, and tyrosine metabolism pathways. Our findings highlighted not only the universal function of IDGF to the maintenance of normal cuticle structure but also an underexplored space in the gene function affecting melanin formation. Therefore, this study furthers our understanding of insect pigment metabolism and melanin pattern polymorphisms. The diverse stripe patterns of animals are usually used for warning or camouflage. However, the actual mechanisms underlying diverse stripe pattern formation remains largely unknown. This study provides direct evidence that imaginal disc growth factor (IDGF) maintains cuticle structure and controls melanization in the spot pattern formation. Our exhaustive knockout experiments reveal that BmIDGF is involved in the melanin pigmentation of Bombyx mori. We demonstrate that IDGF impacts the expression levels of the 20E-inducible transcription factor E75A and pleiotropic factors apt-like and Toll8/spz3, to further affect the melanin metabolism. Furthermore, the metabolome of BmIDGF gene deletion connects metabolism to gene function. Thus, this study shed light on not only the unique function of IDGF but also the molecular mechanism of spot pattern formation.
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