Mechanosensation induces persistent bacterial growth during bacteriophage predation.
Mechanosensation induces persistent bacterial growth during bacteriophage predation.
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虽然细菌和裂解噬菌体之间的关系从根本上是对立的，但这些微生物不仅在无数的生态环境中共存，而且并驾齐驱。然而，实现共存的机制还没有完全被理解。通过使用一种新的微流体分析方法在单细胞和单病毒水平上检测大肠杆菌和T7噬菌体的种群动态，我们观察到当灌流高滴度噬菌体时细菌持续生长。噬菌体持续存在的频率比抗噬菌体突变体的自然选择预期高出五个数量级。相反，持续的频率与细菌被微流体灌注室机械压缩的程度相关。利用突变和荧光成像技术的结合，我们发现压力通过激活RCS磷酸传递途径来诱导持久性，从而导致合成胞外囊，从而立体地阻止噬菌体的吸附。其他形式的机械扰动也促进了RCS的活性和持久性。这些发现对我们理解许多重要环境中的微生物生态学具有重要意义，包括肠道和土壤，细菌在这些环境中生长。细菌和噬菌体构成了地球上最重要的捕食者-猎物关系之一，然而这种生态相互作用的长期稳定性是如何实现的尚不清楚。在这里，我们证明了在噬菌体捕食期间，如果在空间受限的环境中这样做，大肠杆菌可以快速生长。这一发现修正了我们对许多现实世界环境中细菌-噬菌体种群动态的理解，这些环境中细菌是在受限的环境中生长的，例如肠道和土壤。此外，这一结果对于噬菌体治疗的潜力和机械感觉在细菌发病中的作用具有明确的意义。
Although the relationship between bacteria and lytic bacteriophage is fundamentally antagonistic, these microbes not only coexist but thrive side by side in myriad ecological environments. The mechanisms by which coexistence is achieved, however, are not fully understood. By examining Escherichia coli and bacteriophage T7 population dynamics at the single-cell and single-virion level using a novel microfluidics assay, we observed bacteria growing “persistently” when perfused with high-titer bacteriophage. Bacteriophage persistence occurred at a frequency five orders of magnitude higher than is expected from the natural selection of bacteriophage-resistant mutants. Rather, the frequency of persistence was correlated with the degree to which the bacteria were mechanically compressed by the microfluidic perfusion chamber. Using a combination of mutagenesis and fluorescent imaging techniques, we discovered that compression induces persistence by activating the Rcs phosphorelay pathway, which results in the synthesis of extracellular capsule that sterically blocks bacteriophage adsorption. Other forms of mechanical perturbation also promoted Rcs activity and persistence. These findings have important implications for our understanding of microbial ecology in many important environments, including the gut and the soil, where bacteria grow in confinement. Bacteria and bacteriophage form one of the most important predator-prey relationships on earth, yet how the long-term stability of this ecological interaction is achieved is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Escherichia coli can rapidly grow during bacteriophage predation if they are doing so in spatially confined environments. This discovery revises our understanding of bacteria-bacteriophage population dynamics in many real-world environments where bacteria grow in confinement, such as the gut and the soil. Additionally, this result has clear implications for the potential of bacteriophage therapy and the role of mechanosensation during bacterial pathogenesis.
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影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Flaugnatti N;Isaac S;Lemos Rocha LF;Stutzmann S;Rendueles O;Stoudmann C;Vesel N;Garcia-Garcera M;Buffet A;Sana TG;Rocha EPC;Blokesch M
通讯作者：
Blokesch M
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Meng J;Young G;Chen J
通讯作者：
Chen J
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Chaudhry W;Lee E;Worthy A;Weiss Z;Grabowicz M;Vega N;Levin B
通讯作者：
Levin B
影响因子：
48
作者：
Gibson, Daniel G.;Young, Lei;Smith, Hamilton O.
通讯作者：
Smith, Hamilton O.
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Hatfull, Graham F.;Hendrix, Roger W.
通讯作者：
Hendrix, Roger W.