The False Enforcement of Unpopular Norms1
The False Enforcement of Unpopular Norms1
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不受欢迎的规范的错误执行1
DOI：
10.1086/599250
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
M. Macy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Robb Willer;K. Kuwabara;M. Macy
流行的理论认为，人们执行规范是为了迫使他人以他们认可的方式行事。然而，也有许多“不受欢迎的规范”的例子，即人们相互强迫对方做他们私下不赞成的事情。虽然同行制裁暗示了一个现成的解释，可以解释为什么人们会遵守不受欢迎的规范，但更难理解的是，为什么他们会强制执行他们私下反对的规范。作者认为，人们执行不受欢迎的规范是为了表明他们是出于真正的信念而遵守的，而不是因为社会压力。他们使用实验室实验，在品酒和学术文本评估的背景下，证明了这种“错误的强制”。这两项研究都发现，由于社会压力而遵守规范的参与者，然后通过公开批评一个孤独的离经叛道的人来错误地执行规范。第三项研究表明，规范的执行有效地表明了执行者对规范的真正支持。这些结果表明，可能会出现恶性循环，在这种恶性循环中，人们感受到的遵守和错误执行不受欢迎的规范的压力相互加强。
Prevailing theory assumes that people enforce norms in order to pressure others to act in ways that they approve. Yet there are numerous examples of “unpopular norms” in which people compel each other to do things that they privately disapprove. While peer sanctioning suggests a ready explanation for why people conform to unpopular norms, it is harder to understand why they would enforce a norm they privately oppose. The authors argue that people enforce unpopular norms to show that they have complied out of genuine conviction and not because of social pressure. They use laboratory experiments to demonstrate this “false enforcement” in the context of a wine tasting and an academic text evaluation. Both studies find that participants who conformed to a norm due to social pressure then falsely enforced the norm by publicly criticizing a lone deviant. A third study shows that enforcement of a norm effectively signals the enforcer’s genuine support for the norm. These results demonstrate the potential for a vicious cycle in which perceived pressures to conform to and falsely enforce an unpopular norm reinforce one another.
透明度错觉：对他人解读自己情绪状态的能力进行有偏见的评估。
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Gilovich,T;Savitsky,K;Medvec,VH
通讯作者：
Medvec,VH
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
PRENTICE, DA;MILLER, DT
通讯作者：
MILLER, DT