The enterocyte microvillus is a vesicle-generating organelle.

The enterocyte microvillus is a vesicle-generating organelle.
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DOI:
10.1083/jcb.200902147
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发表时间:
2009-06-29
期刊:
The Journal of cell biology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Tyska MJ
Tyska MJ
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
McConnell RE;Higginbotham JN;Shifrin DA Jr;Tabb DL;Coffey RJ;Tyska MJ

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几十年来,肠细胞刷状边界微绒毛被视为被动的细胞骨架支架,用于增加根尖膜表面积。然而,最近的研究表明,在离体刷状边界的体外环境中,肌球蛋白-1a (myo1a)驱动微绒毛膜沿着核心肌动蛋白束滑动。这种活性还会导致微绒毛尖端的小泡脱落,这表明微绒毛在体内可能具有产生小泡的细胞器的功能。在这项研究中,我们提供了支持这一假设的数据,表明肠细胞微绒毛释放单层囊泡进入肠腔;这些囊泡保持微绒毛膜的右侧向外定向,含有催化活性的刷状边界酶,并特异性地富含肠碱性磷酸酶。此外,myo1a基因敲除小鼠在囊泡产生方面表现出惊人的扰动,清楚地表明这种马达在体内调节这种新活性。综上所述,这些数据表明微绒毛具有囊泡生成细胞器的功能,使肠细胞能够将催化活性部署到肠腔中。
For decades, enterocyte brush border microvilli have been viewed as passive cytoskeletal scaffolds that serve to increase apical membrane surface area. However, recent studies revealed that in the in vitro context of isolated brush borders, myosin-1a (myo1a) powers the sliding of microvillar membrane along core actin bundles. This activity also leads to the shedding of small vesicles from microvillar tips, suggesting that microvilli may function as vesicle-generating organelles in vivo. In this study, we present data in support of this hypothesis, showing that enterocyte microvilli release unilamellar vesicles into the intestinal lumen; these vesicles retain the right side out orientation of microvillar membrane, contain catalytically active brush border enzymes, and are specifically enriched in intestinal alkaline phosphatase. Moreover, myo1a knockout mice demonstrate striking perturbations in vesicle production, clearly implicating this motor in the in vivo regulation of this novel activity. In combination, these data show that microvilli function as vesicle-generating organelles, which enable enterocytes to deploy catalytic activities into the intestinal lumen.
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